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1、Direct and Indirect Speech1（直接引语与间接引语1）（学案）Step -1 Leading in通过例句学习直接引语和间接引语的定义直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。例：The boy said :“ Im reading a book.” 原话前后加引号；没有关联词。间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人的话。（给以下例句填入适当代词）例：The boy said (that) _ was reading a book. 原话前后无引号；有关联词。Step -2代词的变化：给以下例句填入适当代词。指示代词 this, these 要改为 that, those。人称代词要根据“
2、一随主、二随宾、三不变”的原则作相应的变动。即：直接引语的第一人称随主句的主语变化；直接引语的第二人称随主句的宾语变化；直接引语的第三人称不作变化。如：He said, “I want to go to Beijing University.”他说：“我想去北京大学读书。”He said that _ wanted to go to Beijing University.他说他想去北京大学读书。He said to her, “Ive left my book in your room.”他对她说：“我把我的书落在你房间了。”He told her that _had left _ book
3、in _room.他对她说他把他的书落在她的房间了。He said, “She is stupid.”他说：“她很笨。”He said that she _ stupid.他说她很笨。Step-3 动词的变化（给以下例句填入适当动词）直接引语变为间接引语时，有个别动词也需要改变，如come 变为 go, bring 变为 take 等。如：“He will come today，” she said. 她说：“他今天会来。” She said that he would _ that day. 她说他那天会来。Step-4状语的变化Step-5直接引语为祈使句时的变化当直接引语为祈使句，变为间
4、接引语时，主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语中的语气换成 ask, tell, order, advise 等动词，而直接引语中的谓语动词则要变成动词不定式。如：“Please explain why youre half an hour late ，” the teacher said。老师说：“请解释一下你为什么迟到了半个小时。”The teacher _ him to explain why _ was half an hour late.老师要他解释一下为什么他迟到了半个小时。“Dont give up！” Father shouted to him.父亲对他高声喊道：“不要泄气。”Fa
5、ther _ him in a loud voice not to give up.父亲大声喊着叫他不要泄气。Step-6实战演练STEP-7 通过练习总结得出： 直接引语变间接引语要注意的事项：（一） 引导词的变化祈使句变成“ask, tell, order, advise sb. (not) to do sth.”的句式；（二） 人称的变化人称变化的口诀是：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不变新。其含义为：一随主引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致。如：She said,“ I like Tennis.” She said that she liked tennis。二随宾引号内的第二
6、人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。如：He said to Lily, “ you must get up early” He told Lily that she must get up early. 第三人称不变新引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变.如：She said to me, “They want to help him” She told me that they wanted to help him.（三）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化A. 时间状语的变化now thenB. 指示代词: this that; these those C. 地点状语：here t
7、here D. 动词: come go; bring takeStep-8 Write down the rules of your schoolGo to school on time. Greet teachers.Be honest.Persist in doing physical exercise.Do not smoke.Finish homework in time.Homework: Write down the speechSample speech:Our school advises us to go to school on time and greet teacher
8、s. Meanwhile, our school also tells us to be honest. The school orders us not to smoke as well. And the school tells us to persist in doing physical exercise and finish homework in time. At this very beginning of the new semester, I, as a senior schoolmate, advise all of us to be hard-working students and achieve something in future.
