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1、Arthroscopic Treatment of Popliteal Cyst 腘窝囊肿的关节镜治疗 浙江省运动医学中心 一 概述 早在1840年已经被Adams所认识 Baker在1877年以他的名 字命名为贝克囊肿 Baker囊肿 腘窝囊肿是腘窝滑液囊肿的总称 多发生于半膜肌与腓肠 肌 并常与关节腔相通 临床表现为关节疼痛及活动受限 分为原发性和继发性两种 二 发病机制 单向流通的 阀门机制 只进不出 存在半膜肌与腓肠肌内侧头滑液囊 GSB 关节积液增多引起关节囊内压增高 通过平股骨髁腓肠肌 内侧头处的横向裂隙样结构进入GSB 但不能从GSB流向 关节腔 导致囊肿的形成和持续存在 关节内
2、疾病 半月板损伤 软骨退变 交叉韧带损伤 滑膜 炎等 在腘窝囊肿的发病过程中起重要作用 Sansone等认为半月板尤其是内侧半月板损伤是致病的关键 84 90 的患者可见有内侧半月板损伤 三 临床表现 Rauschning和Lndgren对腘窝囊肿评价分级如表1 四 诊断 症状及体征 MRI B超 B超将腘窝囊肿分为3型 1 单纯囊肿型 囊肿孤立存在于腘窝软组织间 与深部关节腔不相通 其形态呈圆形或椭圆形 囊壁较薄 边界光滑清楚 包膜完整 透声好 2 分叶囊肿型 此型基底部与关节腔相通 有宽窄不一的蒂部管状结 构 囊肿形态欠规则呈多样性 囊壁厚薄不均 可见粗细不一的光带及 散在点状回声 探头加
3、压囊肿形态改变 3 囊液混浊型 囊肿呈单房或分叶状 囊壁毛糙增厚 内见密集光点回 声或粗斑点状回声 呈悬浮状 可飘动 下垂部位可见回声分层 此型可 见于囊内出血或感染 五 治疗 原则 有症状才处理 开放手术 关节镜手术 开放手术 疤痕大 影响关节功能 易损伤血管神经 易复发 在囊肿切除时要同时将关节囊缝合 关节镜手术 微创 恢复快 关节功能影响小 复发率 低 六 关节镜手术的方法 方法一 成功治疗的关键是膝关节内相关病损的处理和重建滑囊与关节 腔正常的双向流通 囊肿本身不应是外科治疗的主要目标 方法二 FIGURE 1 A Schematic cross section image of th
4、e knee with the opening of the connection The image shows the location of the posteromedial portal and the anterolateral viewing portal P popliteal cyst B Arthroscopic finding from the anterolateral portal of the right knee shows a connecting hole curved arrow at the posteromedial compartment that v
5、erifies the retraction of the capsular fold C by probing straight arrow M medial femoral condyle FIGURE 2 A Arthroscopic finding from the anterolateral portal of the right knee shows that the capsular fold C was resected by basket forceps arrow inserted from the posteromedial portal B Arthroscopic f
6、inding from the anterolateral portal of the right knee shows a yellowish cystic fluid that gushes out to the posteromedial compartment by compressing the posteromedial part skin of the ballooned cyst M medial femoral condyle FIGURE 3 Arthroscopic finding of the anterolateral portal of the right knee
7、 shows an opening curved arrow The opening is shown at the posteromedial side of the medial head of the gastrocnemius G after the capsular fold was completely resected with a shaver straight arrow and basket forceps M medial femoral condyle FIGURE 4 A Schematic cross sectional image of the knee with
8、 the opening of the connection The image shows the location of the posteromedial viewing portal b P popliteal cyst B Arthroscopic finding from the posteromedial portal of the right knee shows septation and loose fragments of the inside of the popliteal cyst FIGURE 5 A Schematic cross sectional image
9、 of the knee with the opening of the connection The image shows the location of the posteromedial viewing portal b and the posteromedial cystic portal c P popliteal cyst B Gross view of the right knee joint that was positioned for arthroscopic surgery for a popliteal cyst The arthroscope was inserte
10、d through the posteromedial portal and a motorized shaver was introduced from the posteromedial cystic portal C Arthroscopic finding from the posteromedial portal of the right knee shows that a motorized shaver S was inserted to the inside of the popliteal cyst through the posteromedial portal The c
11、yst wall W was resected with the shaver FIGURE 6 A A preoperative MR image axial view shows a huge popliteal cyst with multiple septation B A follow up postoperative 9 months MR image axial view shows that the popliteal cyst has disappeared Patient popliteal cyst Pre op Arthrosco py THANK YOU 此课件下载可自行编辑修改 供参考 感谢您的支持 我们努力做得更好 21
