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1、9 1 CHAPTER9 INTELLECTUALPROPERTY 9 2 CHAPTER9INTELLECTUALPROPERTY Topicsforthischapter TheCreationofIntellectualPropertyRightsInternationalIntellectualPropertyOrganizationsIntellectualPropertyTreatiesInternationalTransferofIntellectualPropertyLicensingRegulationsCompulsoryLicenses 9 3 CreationofInt
2、ellectualPropertyRights Intellectualpropertyisusefulartisticandindustrialinformationandknowledge Ithastwoprinciplebranches Artisticproperty artistic literary andmusicalworks Industrialproperty inventionsandtrademarks Inventionsincludebothusefulproductsandusefulmanufacturingprocesses Trademarksinclud
3、etradenames servicemarks collectivemarks andcertificationmarks 9 4 CreationofIntellectualPropertyRights Copyrights Acopyrightisastatutoryrightthatgivestheauthorofanartisticwork foralimitedperiod theexclusiveprivilegeofmakingcopiesoftheworkandpublishingandsellingthecopies Thecopyrightholderhaspecunia
4、ryrightsandcertainmoralrightstothework Therightsbelongtotheauthorofanyworkthatisfixedinatangiblemediumforthepurposeofcommunication suchasliterary dramatic musical orartisticworks soundrecordings film radio andtelevisionbroadcasts andcertaincomputerprograms 9 5 Copyrights PecuniaryRights Pecuniaryrig
5、hts Therightofanauthortoexploitacopyrightedworkforeconomicgain Thetwokindsofpecuniaryrightsare Therightofreproduction including RightofreproductionRightofdistributionRightofexhibitionTherightofpublicperformance including RightofrecitationorperformanceRightofbroadcastingRighttocommunicatebysoundorvis
6、uallyRightofconnectingbroadcasttransmissions 9 6 PecuniaryRights Therightofreproductiongivestheauthortheexclusiverighttomakecopiesofacopyrightedwork Includesreproductioninanyform Therightofdistributiongivestheauthortherighttoplaceacopyofacopyrightedworkintocirculationforthefirsttime Doctrineofexhaus
7、tion Onceacopyrightedworkisincirculation authorhasnorightofdistribution Authorsmayprohibitrentalofwork 9 7 RightofPerformance Therightofperformanceistherightoftheauthortocommunicateacopyrightedworktothepublic Thisrightappliesonlytopublicperformances suchasshowingmovieonacollegecampusandchargingadmis
8、sion Aprivateperformancewouldbeviewingthesamemovieathomewithfriends 9 8 Case9 1PerformingRightSoc Ltd v Hickey Plaintiffssoughtinjunctiontokeepdefendantfromperformingmusicalworkswithoutconsent DefendantplayedrecordsathisbarbequerestaurantinZambiawhileholdingdances Held Playingtherecordswasaperforman
9、cethatinfringedcopyright Nodamagesawardedforunintentionalinfringement butdefendantliablefortheprofitshemade 9 9 MoralRights Rightofanauthortoprohibitothersfromtamperingwithacopyrightedwork Theserightsareindependentoftheauthor specuniaryrights Moralrightsconsistofrightto objecttodistortion mutilation
10、 ormodification berecognizedastheauthor controlpublicaccesstothework Evenifaworkofartiscommissionedbyapartywhoacquiresthecopyright theauthororartistmayretaintherighttopreventothersfromtamperingwiththework Photo MuraldepictingIrapuatohistorybySalvadorAlmaraz releasedintothepublicdomain 9 10 Case9 2 A
11、marNathSehgalv UnionofIndia DoestheartistretainmoralrightstomuralcommissionedbytheIndiangovernment Plaintiffassignedhiscopyrighttothedefendant Muralwasrippedfromwallandputinstorage Courtrecognizedthatthereshouldbeprotectionforthesoulandessenceofartisticexpressionasmuchasthephysicaltangiblework 9 11
12、WorksCovered Copyrightprotectionisgiventoawork anartistic literary orscientificcreation Examplesofworkscoveredbycopyrightlaws LiteraryworksMusicalworks includingaccompanyingwordsDramaticworks includingaccompanyingmusicPantomimesandchoreographicworksPictorial graphic andsculpturalworksMotionpicturesa
13、ndaudiovisualworksSoundrecordings 9 12 WorksSubjectToCopyright Tobecoveredbycopyright aworkmustbeoriginal Theauthormustinvestcreativeeffortinrawmaterialsthatgivethemanewqualityorcharacter Theworkmustbefixedinatangiblemedium StorywrittenonpaperPicturepaintedonacanvasStatuesculptedfrommarbleMusicrecor
14、dedonacompactdisc 9 13 NeighboringRights Createdmostlyfortechnologicalworksthatfalloutsideofexistingdefinitionsofcopyright Insteadofamendingcopyrightlawslikemostdevelopedcountries somecountriescreatednewlawswithrightssimilartocopyrights Theselawsareoftencalledneighboringrights Twoexampleswerecreated
15、in1989bytreaty TreatyontheInternationalRegistrationofAudiovisualWorksTreatyonIntellectualPropertyinRespectofIntegratedCircuits 9 14 Formalities TheBerneConventionestablishedthatthetitlegrantedbycopyrightlawsissubjecttonoformalities TheUSformerlyrequiredtheworktoincludeacopyrightnoticeanddepositofcer
16、tainworkswiththeCopyrightOfficeoftheU S LibraryofCongress WhentheUSbecameamemberoftheBerneConvention therequirementofnoformalitiesbecametherulethroughouttheworld 9 15 ScopeandDurationofCopyright Acopyrightappliesonlywithintheterritoryofthestategrantingit Thedurationofacopyrightusuallylasts50yearsfollowingtheauthor sdeath TheWTOTRIPSAgreementfollowsthisprecedent TheUSandmanynationshaveextendedthedurationto70yearsfollowingtheauthor sdeath TheWIPOisaUNagencythatdevelopsIPlawsandstandardsanddelivers
