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1、第二部分 高考单选命题策略分析与解题技巧 第一节 高考单选命题常见手段一、 单项选择试题特点 1）句子长，2）复句多，3）结构较为复杂，4）语言实用性强，5）无单纯语法或词法考题，6）每题中都设置了特定的语境。-Who is the teacher?-One of my friends is _ teacher, _ teacher who works in a middle school.A. a, the, B. the, a, C. a, a D. the, the二、 单项选择试题命题思路（一） 注重单句层次的语境设置，重点考察考生的语言运用能力。考生在具备了一定的语言能力、语言经验和
2、语用经验，才能灵活自如地主宰单项选择题。分析历年考题，我们会发现近几年来的单句层次的语境创设手段有以下几种：1 运用交际手段1） 交际语用型是指对提供的情景作出反应，旨在考察考生的语用能力。 (1)- Can I get you a cup of tea? -_. (1998,15) A. Thats very nice of you. B. With pleasure C. You can, please D. Thank you for the tea. (2) -Wait! -_. (2000,9) A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardo
3、n? (3) -Good morning, Grand Hotel. -Hello, Id like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th. - _. (2001, 21) A. What can I do for you B. Just a minute, please. C. Whats the matter D. At your service2） 交际综合型以对话为语境依托，目的在考察语法和词法。 (4) -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow after
4、noon. -They _ be ready by 12:00. (1998,13) A. can B. should C. might D. need (5) -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. (1999,15) A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont (6) -Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. (2000,15) A. mu
5、st B. would C. should D. might (7) -Alice, you feed the bird today, _ ? -But I fed it yesterday. ( ) A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you 2 运用句法手段1） 运用复合句 (8) (9) The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. (2000,21) A. as long a
6、s B. while C. if D. even though2） 运用并列句(10) I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (1997, 12) A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone3） 运用简单句(11) The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. (1997,17)A. first pl
7、aying B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4） 运用二层次陈述(12) Wait till you are more _. Its better to be sure than sorry. (1997,13) A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain5） 运用标点符号(13) European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. (1998
8、,25) A. making B. makes C. made D. to make （二）单句层次的障碍设置以进行消极干扰，使试题有一定难度，用以检测考生的分析能力。分析历年考题，我们会发现有以下九种设置障碍的手段：1） 多元选择手段在一个题中设置一个以上考点的选择问题，称为多元选择题。这类题具有综合性强、干扰性大等特点，易导致错误的发散思维。对策: 采取各个击破法. 做这类题可用“各个击破”的方法，先找出较容易的，然后再做较难的。(14) Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unles
9、s they kill them for food. (2000,10) A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D./; the(15) The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used. (2001,29) A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D./; /2） 插入语手段某些词（态度词）、 短语或句子，或放在句首、句中、或句末，多用逗号与句子里的其他成分分开，这些词并非句子中的语法构成部分。常用态度词surely, indeed, p
10、erhaps, personally, fortunately, luckily等；短语有sure enough, most important of all, to tell the truth, generally speaking, in ones opinion, in other words, worse still, to be frank, to ones surprise等; 句子有: I dare say, Im sure, I admit, Im afraid, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I imagine, Whats worse, W
11、hats more等。高考命题中设置障碍主要采用短语和句子插入句中的形式，以干扰视线，分散注意力，混淆句子结构，从而加大考题的难度。对策: 采取减元法. 考生只有具备识别插入语的能力，才能解好这类题。 (16) -We havent heard from Jane for a long time. - What do you suppose _ to her? (MET 91,23) A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened (17) The film brought the hours back to m
12、e _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (2001, 22) A. until B. that C. when D. where3) 变换句子结构-拆搭法 所谓拆搭法即命题者通过各种手段把原先在一起使用的固定搭配拆开, 将两个毫不相干的表达搭在一起, 或将题干中句子的某一部分位置加一调整以此增加理解句子和选择答案的难度。为了达到貌合神离 或貌离神合 的效果, 命题者一般从以下几方面入手: (1) 增加提干法: 如加插入语从句等.对策(1) 采取减元法, 去除插入语或从句; (2) 蒋主从句分解为两个简单句; (3) 将所选选
13、项代入原句. (18) John plays football _, if not better than, David. (NMET 94,28) A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as (19) The theory he had stuck _ to be true. A. proved B. to proving C. to prove D. to proved (20) - Thank you for the great trouble youve had _ me with my computer work. - That is nothing. A. with helping B. helpingC. to help D. to have helpedLots of time has been spent _ the job.A. to finish B. finished C. finishing D. finish (21) The harder we study, the more questions we think of _. A. asking B. being asked C. to a
