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1、GuidetoEnglish SpeakingCountries 英语国家概况 英语国家概况 TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland Chapter5Education MediaandHoliday TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland 英语国家概况 HolidaysandFestivals Education Media I II III CONTENT Education I EducationalPolicy EducationalSystem EducationalP
2、olicy Before1870 educationwasvoluntaryandschoolsweresetupbythechurch 20thcenturylateron governmenttakeresponsibilityforeducation EducationalPolicy Compulsoryeducation agesof5and16Freeeducation since1944 Comprehensiveschoolsintroducedinthe1960sNationalCurriculumintroducedin1988Subjects mathematics En
3、glish science geography technology music art physicaleducation aforeignlanguage EducationalPolicy Fourstages Primary 5 11secondary 11 16furthereducation 16Twomoreyearsinpreparationforhighereducationhighereducation 18 EducationalSystem primaryandSecondaryEducationHigherEducationFamousUniversities Pri
4、maryandSecondaryEducation Twoparallelschoolsystem Statesystem 94 Freetoallchildrenbetween5 16yearsold Independentsystem Publicschools6 IndependenttuitionfeesIndependentcurriculum Pre schoolingBeforeprimaryschoolingsomechildrenhaveanopportunitytoattendthefewkindergartens whicharecalled NurserySchools
5、 PrimaryandSecondaryEducation statesystem 11 yearcompulsoryeducation5 11 primaryschools11 16 secondaryschools comprehensiveschools literatureandscience cookingandcarpentry StateSystem PrimaryandSecondaryEducation StateSchoolsTheyarefundedbylocalandcentralgovernments Freetoallchildrenbetweentheagesof
6、5 16 IndependentschoolsIndependentschools feesarerequired2500independentschoolsinBritain includingEtonandWinchesterAprivilegefortherichBetterfundedBetterteachersBetterfacilitiesBetterchancetoenterfamousuniversities TwoSystems EtonCollege Harrow哈罗公学 丘吉尔 拜伦的母校 约旦国王侯赛因 印度前总理尼赫鲁也曾在这里就学 Eton 伊顿公学 也是英国昔日殖
7、民地上层社会家庭孩子入学的首选学校 从印度王子到阿拉伯王子 大家都以入学伊顿为骄傲 伊顿公学被称为 精英的摇篮 先后出过20位英国首相 在各国名流眼中 能把小孩送到伊顿公学就代表了地位和身份 因此连英国切尔西足球俱乐部老板阿布拉莫维奇 也在拼命为孩子申请入学伊顿公学 IndependentSystem primaryandSecondaryEducation 6percentofallBritishchildrenHighfees 7000perterm AprivilegefortherichBetterfundedBetterteachersBetterfacilitiesBetterch
8、ancetoenterfamousuniversities IndependentSystem primaryandSecondaryEducation Co educatedSchoolsStateprimaryschoolsadmitbothboysandgirls agedfrom5to11 Theseschoolsarecalledco educationalormixedschools AcademicYearBeginsinSeptember andisdividedintothreeterms withholidaysatChristmas Easter andinthesumm
9、er SecondaryEducation Thechildrenbeginsecondaryeducationattheageof11 TypesofsecondaryschoolsExaminations TypesofSecondarySchools IndependentandpublicSchools Independentschoolsarealsoconfusinglycalledpublicschools Independentschoolsarefundedthroughtheprivatesector tuitionfeesandminimalgovernmentassis
10、tance Examinations GCSE GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation普通中等教育证书A levels GeneralCertificateofEducation AdvancedLevel普通教育高级证书GNVQ GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications国家通用职业资格证书 FurtherEducation At16 Nationalexamination GCSE GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation toleaveortocontinue sixthform
11、 2years 3or4subjectsA levels GeneralCertificateofEducation Advanced foruniversitiesadmittances academic GNVQ GeneralNationalVocationalQualification forvocationaltraining BritishEducationalSystem PrimarySchool5 11 SecondarySchool11 16 GCSE SixthFormSchool16 18 A levels UniversityorCollegeofHigherEduc
12、ation VocationalTraining Beginworking BeginWorking BeginWorking BeginWorking PrimaryandSecondaryEducation D HigherEducationBritishhighereducationhasalonghistory Therearefivetypesinhighereducation 1 olduniversitieswereEstablishedin12thand13th OxfordandCambridge theycanbecalledOxbridge Itisatermusedto
13、refertothetwomostfamoushighereducationinstitutionsinBritain 2 fourScottishuniversitiesTheyhadbeenfoundedinScotlandbeforeitwasunitedwithEnglandtobecomepartoftheUnitedKingdom TheywereSt Andrews 1411 Glasgow 1450 Aberdeen 1495 andEdinburgh 1583 3 themiddle ageduniversities werefoundedin1830 1930 Durham
14、University itwasthefirstoneafterOxbridge 4 thenewuniversities universitiesoruniversitycollegessprangupaftertheSecondWorldWarinnot long large butnot too smallindustrialtowns Allthestudentshavetopayfeesandlivingcosts buttheycanreceiveapersonalgrantapartfromtheveryrich fromthelocalauthorityoftheplacewh
15、ereheylive 5 theOpenedUniversities TheOpenUniversitieswasestablishedin1969andithastwoprinciplemeansofcommunicatingwithitsstudents BBCradioandTelevisionprogramsanditsownnationalnetworkoftutorsandcounselors 顾问 Mostofthosewhofailtogainentrytoauniversitygoontosomeotherformhighereducation U K Slargestuni
16、versityforpart timehighereducation Itwasfoundedin1969andbeganitsfirstcoursein1970 NorequirementforanyformaleducationalqualificationsItisopentoeverybody CoursesaretaughtthroughTV radio videosandanetworkofstudycenters OpenUniversity OpenUniversityByTV radio correspondence video networkNoeducationqualificationUniversitydegreevarietyofpeople HigherEducation Cont HigherEducation HistoryandtypesofuniversityFamousuniversities HistoryofUniversity 12thand13thcenturies OxfordandCambridge14thand15thcenturi
