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1、 1 兰州一中兰州一中 2018 2019 12018 2019 1 学期高三年级学期高三年级 9 9 月月考考试题月月考考试题 高高 三三 英英 语语 说明说明 试卷分第 I 卷 选择题 和第 II 卷 非选择题 两部分 满分 120 分 考试时间 100 分钟 答案写在答题卡上 交卷时只交答题卡答案写在答题卡上 交卷时只交答题卡 第第 I I 卷 选择题 卷 选择题 第一部分 第一部分 阅读理解 共两节 阅读理解 共两节 满分满分 4 40 0 分 分 第一节 第一节 共共 1 15 5 小题 小题 每小题每小题 2 2 分 分 满分满分 3030 分 分 阅读下列短文 阅读下列短文 从每
2、题所给的从每题所给的 A A B B C C D D 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 A A We ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line hiring line standers buying tickets from scalpers or purchasing line cutting privileges directly from say an airline or an amusement park Each of these deals replaces the morals of the que
3、ue waiting your turn with the morals of the market paying a price for faster service Markets and queues paying and waiting are two different ways of allocating things and each is appropriate to different activities The morals of the queue First come first served have an egalitarian 平等主义的 appeal They
4、 tell us to ignore privilege power and deep pockets The principle seems right on play grounds and at bus stops But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions If I put my house up for sale I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along simply because it s the first Selling my hous
5、e and waiting for a bus are different activities properly governed by different standards Sometimes standards change and it is unclear which principle should apply Think of the recorded message you hear played over and over as you wait on hold when calling your bank Your call will be answered in the
6、 order in which it was received This 2 is essential for the morals of the queue It s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness But don t take the recorded message too seriously Today some people s calls are answered faster than others Call center technology enables companies t
7、o score incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places You might call this telephonic queue jumping Of course markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things Some goods we distribute by merit others by need still others by chance However the tendency of m
8、arkets to replace queues and other non market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore It is striking that most of the paid queue jumping schemes we ve considered at airports and amusement parks in call centers doctors offices and national parks are rec
9、ent developments scarcely imaginable three decades ago The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern but these are not the only places that markets have entered 1 According to the author which of the following seems governed by the principle First come first served A Ta
10、king buses B Buying houses C Flying with an airline D Visiting amusement parks 2 The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates A the necessity of patience in queuing B the advantage of modern technology C the uncertainty of allocation principle D the fairness of telephonic se
11、rvices 3 The passage is meant to A justify paying for faster services B discuss the morals of allocating things C analyze the reason for standing in line D criticize the behavior of 3 queue jumping B B No one knows for sure when advertising first started It is possible that it grew out of the discov
12、ery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them That led to the concept of specialization which means that people would specialize or focus on doing one specific job Let s take a man we ll call Mr Fielder for example He did everything connected with farming He planted seed
13、s tended the fields and harvested and sold his crops At the same time he did many other jobs on the farm However he didn t make the bricks for his house cut his trees into boards make the plows 犁 or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs Instead he got them from people who specialized in doing
14、 each of those things Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr Plowright Using what he knew about farming and working with iron Mr Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier Mr Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows Perhaps he
15、 thought other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows How did Mr Plowright let people know what he was doing Why he advertised of course First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a pie
16、ce of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr Plowright and his really good plows Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago Even before most people could read they understood such signs Shopkeepers would carve into stone clay or wood symbols for the products they had for sale A medium in advertising talk is the way you communicate your message You might say that the first med
