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1、.隐喻论文：从认知角度看英汉爱情概念隐喻【中文摘要】隐喻的研究源远流长。传统修辞学历来把隐喻当作一种修辞手段。在最近二十几年崛起的认知语言学研究中,隐喻不再被看作是一种修辞手段,也不再被看作是一种简单的语言产物,而被看作是人类的一种认知现象,是人类借助语言而表现出来的思维方式和行为方式。哪里有语言,哪里就有隐喻。就其本质来说隐喻是认知的,是人类认识和理解客观世界的一种重要的认知手段。认知语言学认为概念隐喻是通过一个事物(概念)来理解和体验另一个事物(概念)。概念隐喻是根植于人的思维和行为中的东西；而语言使用中的隐喻表达是概念隐喻派生出来的。换言之,日常生活中大量使用的隐喻表达是概念隐喻在语言中
2、的具体表现形式。概念隐喻是始源域到目标域的映射,具有系统性,不对称性等特征。情感是人类最普遍最重要的人生体验,也是认知语言学的重要组成部分。人的认知和情感是相互作用的。研究人类的情感也是探索人类认知的重要部分。情感是抽象的,是被概念化的隐喻。隐喻在情感的概念化过程中起着重要的作用。爱情是人类的一种特殊情感,爱情很抽象。没有隐喻人类将无法准确美妙地表达爱情。本文拟从认知角度,对英汉爱情隐喻进行研究分析。由于人类在思维模式和行为活动方面有很大相似性,这就决定了英汉两种语言在表达爱情的概念隐喻上具有相同之处,如爱情是旅途,爱情是战争等。但是由于受到不同的文化、哲学、宗教、生产方式的诸多因素的影响,英
3、语和汉语在表达爱情概念隐喻上又有不同之处,例如英语当中有爱情是商品这样的表达,而汉语当中有爱情是月亮等表达。隐喻不仅是一种语言现象,更是人类的一种思维方式。本文通过对英汉两种语言中爱情隐喻的对比分析,证实了英汉爱情概念隐喻具有认知共性和文化相对性,同时也更好地验证了当代隐喻理论。希望本文能对跨文化交际和外语教学等学科有一定的启示意义。【英文摘要】The study of metaphor has undergone a long history. According to the traditional rhetoric, metaphor is regarded as a kind of r
4、hetoric or ornamental device. However, with the rising of cognitive linguistics in the recent two decades, metaphor is treated as an essential means of thinking and a common cognitive phenomenon which is pervasive and essential in language and thought. Where there is language, there is metaphor. In
5、essence, metaphor is a cognitive tool, by which human beings understand the world around themselves.In cognitive linguistics view, conceptual metaphor is experiencing and understanding one thing (concept) in terms of another. Conceptual metaphors are something existing deep in human thought and acti
6、on; while linguistic metaphors are derived from metaphorical concepts. In other words, the daily used linguistic metaphors are the realization of conceptual metaphors. The working mechanism of conceptual metaphor is the mapping from the source domain to the target domain, which is characterized by b
7、eing systematic, asymmetric, and so on.Emotion is not only the most omnipresent and important experience of human beings but also a vital subject of cognitive linguistics. Cognition and emotion are interactive. The research of emotion is also an important part of exploring human cognition. Abstract
8、though it was, emotion is conceptualized and expressed in metaphorical terms. Metaphor plays an important role in the conceptualization of emotions.Romantic love is commonly regarded as a kind of special emotion which is abstract and hard to describe. Without metaphor, love would be notoriously diff
9、icult to pin down. This thesis is a comparative study of love metaphors from the cognitive perspective. Because of the universality in humans thought and behavior, there are similar love conceptual metaphors in both English and Chinese, such as LOVE IS A JOURNEY, LOVE IS WAR and so on. However, infl
10、uenced by separate culture, philosophy, religion and mode of production, the two languages have their unique ways to conceptualize love, such as LOVE IS COMMODITY in English and LOVE IS MOON in Chinese. Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also an essential mode of thinking and behavior
11、. Based on the comparative study of love metaphors in English and Chinese from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this thesis finds that love metaphors in the two languages bear the characteristics of cognitive universality and cultural relativity. At the same time, the contemporary theory of
12、 metaphor has been well supported by this thesis. At last, the author hopes that it is instructive to facilitate intercultural communication and foreign language teaching.【关键词】隐喻 概念隐喻 认知 爱情 文化【英文关键词】Metaphor conceptual metaphor cognition love culture【目录】从认知角度看英汉爱情概念隐喻Abstract8-9摘要10-11List of Tables
13、11-12Chapter 1 Introduction12-151.1 The Situation of the Metaphorical Study: from the Past to the Present12-131.2 Outline of the Thesis13-15Chapter 2 Literature Review of Metaphor15-322.1 Traditional Views on Metaphor15-192.1.1 Aristotle and the Comparison Theory15-162.1.2 Quintilian and the Substit
14、ution Theory16-172.1.3 The Interaction Theory17-192.2 The Cognitive View of Metaphor19-292.2.1 The Cognitive Nature of Metaphor19-202.2.2 The Source Domain and the Target Domain202.2.3 The Working Mechanism of Conceptual Metaphor20-212.2.4 The Experiential Basis of Metaphor21-222.2.5 Image Schemas22
15、-232.2.6 Classification of Conceptual Metaphors23-262.2.6.1 Orientational Metaphors24-252.2.6.2 Ontological Metaphors252.2.6.3 Structural Metaphors25-262.2.7 Conceptual Metaphor and Metaphorical Expressions262.2.8 The Features of Metaphorical Concepts26-282.2.8.1 Systematicity26-272.2.8.2 Asymmetry27-282.2.9 Metaphor and Metonymy: from Figures of Speech to Conceptual Systems28-292.3 Metaphorical Studies in China29-32Chapter 3 Conceptualization of Love Metaphors in both English and Chinese32-513.1 Goals, Methods and Data Collection33-343.2 Identical
