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1、自考英语二语法复习和练习第一讲 主语 【语法讲解】主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是谓语动词所表示动作的发出者。例如：1) The question is difficult.2) She is difficult to understand.3) 9483276105 is difficult to remember.4) To understand his words is difficult.5) Thinking in such a noise is difficult.6) That they will leave ahead of time is di
2、fficult.上述的六个例句分别说明了主语的位置、特点及能够担当主语的成分。可以担当主语的有名词（例如1）、代词（例如2）、数词（例如3）、动词不定式（例如4）、动名词（例如5）和主语从句（例如6）。1名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称:名词分类 概念 例子普通名词 某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称 书book，音乐music，朋友friend专有名词 特定的某个人、地方或机构的名称 玛丽Mary, 巴黎Paris, 联合国United Nations2代词是用来指代的词。能用来做主语的人称代词有单数 复数我I 我们we你 you 你们you他 he 她she它 it 他们the
3、y3数词是表示“数量”和“顺序”的词。4动词不定式为非谓语动词的一种形式，形式为动词不定式符号to加动词原形，即to do（do代表所有动词）。当动词不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而用it做形式主语放在谓语动词的前面。例如上述例句4还可以改写为：It is difficult to understand his words.其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to understand his words.5动名词为非谓语动词的另一种形式，形式为动词原形加词尾-ing构成，即doing （do代表所有动词）。某些结构中，也可以用it做形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语（即动名词
4、放到句尾）。例如It is no use asking her advice.6主语从句指的是在句子中做主语的名词从句。按英语的习惯，有些句子可以把it放在句首做形式主语，而将真正的主语主语从句放在句子的后面。例如It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.【特别提示】1） 祈使句的主语（you）经常省略；如：（You）Open the door, please. 2） 动名词，不定式和从句做主语时，谓语动词为单数。如上述例句中的4、5、6。【强化练习】判断下列各句的主语的位置及性质：1) Reading
5、aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.2) He is very strict.3) What they want is money.4) Even a child can do it.5) It is kind of you to say you like it.6) It is still a question whether she will join us.7) 1000 miles is a long distance.8) It is no use asking her advice.9) The milk r
6、emains fresh for a week.10) To take care of so many children is not an easy job.【练习解析】1) 主语是动名词短语Reading aloud；2) 主语是代词He；3) 主语是主语从句What they want；4) 主语是名词a child；5) it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to say you like it；6) it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语从句whether she will join us；7) 主语是数词1000 miles；8) it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语as
7、king her advice；9) 主语是名词The milk；10) 主语是不定式To take care of so many children。【巩固练习】（四）以下各句选自大学英语自学教程（上册），请大家按照上述讲解对主语进行判断和分析。1) Most adults would disagree with this statement.2) It is known that bones, muscles and nerves develop faster in baby girls.3) To tell the difference between the two is not so
8、 easy.4) For some of us, having a family simply means having children.5) Successful language learners are learners with a purpose.6) What is accepted as true is often relatively, and not absolutely, true.7) They are the hardest substance found in nature.8) 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is
9、chunked as 467, 13, 63.9) The movie was said to be very interesting.10) Its a great honor to be invited to your country.11) For most adults learning a language is a very difficult task.12) What to do next will be discussed at the next meeting.13) Among civilized people it was once thought that ginge
10、r root by some magical power could improve the memory.14) Look it up in the dictionary.15) 12 is the number of months in the year.16) The waiter understood that he didnt want tea.17) Advertising is only part of the total sales effort.18) It is useful to know how these principle work.19) The solution
11、s to real problems cannot be seen in advance.20) Success in life often starts with a job we like.第一讲【巩固练习】答案（四）1) 主语是名词Most adults。2) it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语从句that bones, muscles and nerves develop faster in baby girls.。3) 主语是不定式To tell the difference between the two 。4) 主语是动名词短语having a family 。5) 主语是名
12、词Successful language learners。6) 主语是主语从句What is accepted as true 。7) 主语是动词They。8) 主语是数词4671363 。9) 主语是名词The movie 。10) it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 to be invited to your country.11) 主语是动名词短语 learning a language 。12) 主语是动词不定式短语What to do next 。13) it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语从句that ginger root by some magical power
13、 could improve the memory.14) 祈使句，主语you被省略了。15) 主语是数词12。16) 主语是名词The waiter 。17) 主语是动名词Advertising。18) it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to know how these principle work.19) 主语是名词短语The solutions to real problems 。20) 主语是名词短语Success in life 。第二讲 谓语（一）时态 (Tense)一、现在时【语法讲解】汉语里，动词没有时态的变化，而是使用时间副词或助词来表示不同的时间或事件的进程或状态。例如，1）我每天步行上班。2）妈妈正在看书。3）他已经病了三天了。4）小强从上课开始一直在说话。而英语的时态主要体现在动词的变化上。所有的动作和状态从时间上看，都可以分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来，其中现在时间里的四个时态是理解过去、将来和过去将来时间里的时态的关键。现在时（以动词do为例） 形式 主要用法一般现在时 do (does) 1.经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态；2. 客观事实或普遍真理现在进行时 amis doingare 现在正在进行的动作现在完成时 have donehas
