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1、现在时 一般现在时，表示客观事实或真理。结构：主语动词原形（第三人称单数时动词加s）如： He lives in Nanjing. You look very hungry now. 2.现在进行时，表示现在正在进行或继续的动作，状态。如： He is writing a letter at present. It is raining now. John is doing his assignment right now. 3现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在有影响或过去的动作持续到现在。如： He has just come back. I have already seen it. I
2、have lived here for ten years. 4.现在完成进行时,表示从过去某时开始，一直继续到目前的动作。其特点在强调“动作的继续”性质。如： He”s very tired, he has been working hard all day. 过去时 一般过去时,表示过去的事情，动作，状态或过去的习惯。如： Bill was very thin when he was a child. John went to Shanghai yesterday. 过去进行时,表示过去某时正在进行的动作。如： I was watching TV at eight o”clock last
3、 night. He was sleeping when I arrived. 过去完成时,表示过去某个动作发生以前的动作。如： The train had gone before we reached the station. After you had gone, I went to sleep. 过去完成进行时,表示过去某个动作发生以前的持续的动作。如： We had been waiting for him an hour when he arrived. 一般将来时 一般将来时, 表示将来的动作或状态。如： I will go to the movies tonight. It wi
4、ll be fine tomorrow. 将来进行时，表示将来某时正在进行的动作。如： When we get there, they will be eating. 将来完成时，表示将来某点时间或将来某动作之前业已完成的动作。如： By next May he will have lived here for six years. I shall have finished the book when you come next time. 将来完成进行时, 表示将来某点时间或将来某动作之前业已完成的动作的继续。如： By June, we shall have been learning
5、English for three years 英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种，而且重点测试完成时态。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New Yo
6、rk. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： 时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the d
7、ay; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从
8、句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中
9、表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Bei
10、jing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days；ov
11、er the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever see
12、n. That is the only book that he has written. 4一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于
13、He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someo
14、ne shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had fin
15、ished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装） 考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
