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1、Section Grammar & Writing名词性从句(二)&it作形式主语名词性从句(二)一、基础点拨由what, which, who/whom, whose等连接代词和when, where, why, how等连接副词引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。1主语从句Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very interesting.为什么早晨的太阳看上去比中午的太阳大， 这事很有趣。When the new road is open to traffic has no
2、t been made clear.这条新公路什么时候开通还不清楚。主语从句作主语的主谓一致原则：(1)主语从句作主语， 谓语动词常用单数， 但是若what引导的主语从句表示复数概念， 则用复数。What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。What we need are useful books.我们所需要的是有用的书籍。(2)由and连接的两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语， 谓语动词用复数；由两个或两个以上连接词引导的一个主语从句作主语， 谓语动词用单数。When they will start and where they will go have not been dec
3、ided yet.他们何时动身以及要去哪里还没有定下来。When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.会议何时何地举行还没有被定下来。2宾语从句History linguists study how languages evolve over time.历史语言学家研究语言是如何随着时间的推移而发展的。I wonder why she refused my invitation.我想知道她为什么拒绝了我的邀请。可运用形式宾语it的宾语从句：(1)动词find, feel, think等后有宾语补足语时。We think i
4、t important that Mary should tell the truth.我们认为玛丽说出实情是重要的。(2)有些动词带宾语从句时。I like it when she sings a song for me.我喜欢她为我唱歌。3表语从句This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。The difficulty is how I can help smokers kick their habit.困难是我如何帮助吸烟者戒烟。4同位语从句We havent yet settled the question where we are going
5、to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假这个问题我们还没有解决。 对接高考 The most important result for the user is _ the product does what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。that解析：本句中该词和系动词is构成系表结构，that引导表语从句。Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah，but I have no idea _ he did it；thats
6、one of his favorite universities.迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，是真的吗？是的，但我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。why解析：考查同位语从句的引导词。idea后接同位语从句， 表示某个想法的具体内容。根据thats one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知， “我” 不知道他拒绝耶鲁大学的原因(why)所在。二、难点突破1连接代词和连接副词的选择连接词在从句中的功能例句连接代词主语、宾语、表语、定语What I saw was beyond any verbal description.(作宾
7、语)我看到的难以用语言描述。连接副词状语Why the company hired him is still unknown.(作状语)为什么公司雇用他尚不清楚。2.名词性从句两组引导词的用法区别(1)what和that的用法区别引导词能引导的从句在从句中的功能意义what主语从句， 表语从句， 宾语从句， 同位语从句主语、表语、宾语保留疑问(“什么” )的意义，相当于all that或the thing(s) thatthat主语从句， 表语从句， 宾语从句， 同位语从句仅起引导作用， 不在从句中作任何成分无任何实际意义That he has lost his job is not true
8、.他丢了工作不是真的。I believe what (whatever) he says.我相信他说的(不管他说什么我都相信)。(2)that, why, because的用法区别连接词特征例句that主语是reason时， 强调原因The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus.他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车。why强调结果That is why you go away.那就是你要离开的原因。because强调原因That was because I got up too late.那是因为我起得太晚了。 对接高考A ba
9、by will come to accept the idea _ other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has.一个婴儿会逐渐接受别人有和他/她不同的观点和渴望的想法。that解析：考查同位语从句的引导词。idea后接同位语从句， 表示某个想法的具体内容。Experts believe _people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.专家们认为必要的时候才购物可以减少食物的浪费。that解析：考查名词性从句的
10、引导词。动词believe之后为宾语从句， 从句陈述一个事实， 不缺少成分， 故使用that表陈述。it作形式主语一、基础点拨1it作形式主语的基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时， 为避免句子头重脚轻， 通常在句首使用形式主语it, 而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。 2it作形式主语常见的句型(1)代替不定式短语Its not easy to finish the work in two days.两天之内完成这项工作不容易。(2)代替动词ing形式短语It is no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。(3)代替主语从句主要句型有：Itbe形容词th
11、at从句It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。Itbe名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)that从句Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。Itbe过去分词that从句It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。Itseems/happens等不及物动词及
12、短语that从句It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.爱丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。Itdoesnt matter(makes no difference, etc.)连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.她来或不来无关紧要。二、难点突破1it作形式主语的主语从句的虚拟语气(1)在句型 “Itis/wasadj.主语从句” 中， 如果形容词是important, strange, natural, necessary等， 从句谓语部分要用 “should动词原
13、形” 形式， should可以省略。It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.我们有必要提前把一切都准备好。(2)在 “It is/was过去分词that.” 结构中， 如果动词是require, demand, request等， 从句谓语部分要用 “should动词原形” 形式， should可以省略。It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.要求所有人都不能在这里吸烟。2注意区分it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句强调句句型是 “It is/w
14、as被强调部分that”， 去掉该句型中的It is/was, that, 句子仍然成立。It is natural that they should have different views.(主语从句)他们有不同的观点是很自然的。It is only lately that he had a family himself.(强调句)只是在最近他才有了自己的家庭。 对接高考But like so many other things, it is only too much stress _ does you harm. 就像其他别的事情一样，只有压力达到一定程度时才会对你造成伤害。that解
15、析：本句是一个强调句型，it is.that.用来对主语only too much stress进行强调。 单句语法填空1Is this hotel _ you said we were to stay in your letter?答案：where2After what seemed an endless wait, _ was his turn to enter the directors office.答案：it3_ leads a life full of love is rich even though he doesnt have much money.答案：Whoever4Tony eventually realized his c
