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1、2020届高考英语二轮复习常考题型大通关（全国卷）阅读理解-科技类1、When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to real problems”, it was hard to imagine this dynamic 11-year-old girl could settle a problem that has escaped scientists for years.In just three months, Rao came up with a device(装置)that can replace the c
2、ostly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead(铅) levels in our fresh water. Inspired by the current litigation (诉讼)in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 to 2015, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named Americas Top Young Scientist for
3、2017.Rao had been following the water problem for about two years. She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this. Gitanjali spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her expe
4、riment. At home, Gitanjali worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her. Rao has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app. To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(纳米管) that react to lead. This reaction
5、 is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.Rao appropriately named the device Tethys after the Greek goddess of fresh water, and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market.
6、 While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development. With Rao believing that the “purpose of science is to make a difference”, her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the
7、 United States.1.What do we know about Raos device?A.Its cheap and quick.B.Its cheap and inaccurate.C.Its expensive and reliable.D.Its portable and time-consuming.2.What made Rao have the idea of designing the device?A.Her parents suggestions.B.The name of the Greek goddess.C.Her interest in settlin
8、g real problems.D.The water pollution litigation in Flint.3.What do the carbon nanotubes function as?A.Sending immediate signals.B.Recording the reaction results.C.Cetecting the presence of lead.D.Showing the water quality results.4.What does the author think of Raos invention?A.It will lead Rao to
9、make a fortune.B.It will help millions of Americans drink safe water.C.It will promote the development of science in America.D.It will soon settle the lead-polluted problem thoroughly.2、Weknow that our smartphones are expertly-designed distraction devices that weaken our efforts to resist. But, we a
10、lso know that resistance is important if were ever going to find a workable middle ground with our phones and a recent has served up another reason to strengthen our resolve.Here it is:when you pick up your phone while doing anything mentally challenging, youre handicapping your brains ability to re
11、charge and performance predictably decreases.Thats the conclusion of a study that put roughly 400 college students to task solving challenging word puzzles. When they were about halfway through, the researchers allowed most of the students to take a break either using their phones, using a computer
12、or reading a print circular. Other students were told to just keep on working without any sort of break.The results showed that the students who took a break with their phones were the worst performers of all the groups. They took 19% longer to finish the tasks and they solved 22% fewer word-problem
13、s than all the other groups combined. In fact, the cell-phone groups efficiency and processing speed was about the same as the group that took no break. The reason offered by the researchers isnt merely because digital devices are inherently engaging(迷人的), but becauseour smartphones are attention ga
14、tes into so many other attention-catching areas, each pulling our mental energy in different directions.This research stresses that we ignored the energy reduction from using our smartphones, and that we were over-confident about what our brains can handle.We also overlooked the emotional connection
15、 wed developed with our phones.Its no longer just a device. Its a companion.“It is important to know the costs associated with reaching for this device during every spare minute,” Kurtzberg added. “We assume its no different from any other break but the phone may carry increasing levels of distracti
16、on that make it difficult to return focused attention to work tasks.”1.What does “resolve” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.Finding a workable phone.B.Resisting using phones.C.Making full use of phones.D.Upgrading personal phones.2.The underlined word “handicapping” in Paragraph 2 probably means _.A.strengtheningB.performingC.weakeningD.changing3.What can we learn from the resear
