《非谓语动词经典易错题会诊【GHOE]》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词经典易错题会诊【GHOE]（25页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、英语：经典易错题会诊（非谓语动词）非谓语动词的类别和句法功能非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词的固定搭配非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式非谓语动词是历年高考考查的重点和热点。然而从对近几年的高考题分析来看，命题者更趋向于对非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择的考查。一来可以考查到学生掌握非谓语动词的用法,同时也可以考查到句式结构，也就是运用语言的能力了。今后的试题中应该还是热点。请看典型例题典型例题题的考查情况。经典易错题会诊命题角度 1 非谓语动词类别和句法功能1.(典型例题)I think youll grow him when you know him better. A.liking B.t
2、o be like C.to like D.to be liking 考场错解 A 专家把脉 动词grow有“达到做某事的程度或地步”的含义，后面常接不定式。按照句意应该是“喜欢上他”的动词like而不是“像他”的介词like. 对症下药 C2.( 典型例题)Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. The answers ready will be of great help. A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having 考场错解 A或B 专家把脉 根据语境选用非谓语动词来充当主语。动名词做主
3、语表示一般的行为动作而不定式做主语则表示具体的。动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。显然，这里不符合完成式的含义。 对症下药 D3.( 典型例题)The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt 考场错解 A 专家把脉 从四个选项的设置来看，本题考查不定式和分词作定语的区别
4、。分析题干可知，smell这里应当是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，所以不能用被动形式，可以排除C和D。主语出the flowers与非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，而且强调的是目前的状态，现在分词符合。 对症下药 B4.( 典型例题) “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, out of the window. A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked 考场错解 D 专家把脉 句意是Bob说话时的伴随动作，那么是现在分词用作伴随状语了。此时没有完成式。 对症下药 A5.( 典型例题) Laws th
5、at punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents .A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry 考场错解 B专家把脉 本题考查不定式与分词作宾补的区别。宾补与parents之间有逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用过去分词作宾补。get parents worried意思是“使父母担心”， worried表示状态。 对症下药 B6.(典型例题) The repair cost a lot, but its money well . A. to spend
6、B. spent C. being spent D. spending考场错解 C 专家把脉 前文意为:修理花了很多钱。表明动作已经发生，过去分词作定有完成被动的含义。 对症下药 B专家会诊 非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项: 不定式 1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时exceptbut意为“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有: can but + 动词原形;只能、只得 cannot help(choose)but + 动词原形:不能不 do nothing but + 动词原形:只做 There is nothing to do but + 动词原形: 只有做 have
7、no choice but to do:只有做例如:The last bus having gone, I could do nothing but go home on foot. (省略 to) I cannot choose but tell him the truth. (省略 to) She could do nothing but leave. (省略 to)I have no choice but to cry. (不能省略to)2.不定式在使役动词have，let，make以及感官动词see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear， listen t
8、o，feel后的宾补，不定式符号要省略，但这些句子变为被动结构时，就必须带符号to.例如:I often hear him sing this song. He is often heard to sing this song.I saw them play in the park. They were seen to play in the park.3.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的介词。但名词way，place，way除外。例如: He is not a
9、 man to tell lies. ( 主谓关系 ) There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. ( 动宾关系 ) Here is some paper for you to write on. The boy has a nice pen to write with. We found a way to solve this problem (in).通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有:abili
10、ty，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，time等。例如: During my holidqy I borrowed some books to read.(表将来)She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (有序数词修饰) I have no chance to escape. (修饰抽象名词)Do you have the ability to read French
11、? (修饰抽象名词)4.不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的时可用in order to，so as to换用；表示条件时，一般把表示条件的动词不定式置于句首，句中的谓语动词常含有will，shall，should， would，can，must，could等情态动词。例如:He sat down to have a rest. (表目的 ) He woke up to find everybody gone. (表结果) Im very pleased to hear from him. (表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐) To look at him, you cant
12、 help laughing. (表条件，谓语动词含有can) He was too excited not to say a word. (表程度) He is old enough to go to school. (表程度) 过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别:这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。例如: The bridge to be built is named Sto
13、ne in honor of the hero. (将要修建的) The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的) The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己经修建了的) Have you read the novel written by Dickens? He is a teacher loved anti respected by all students. (没有时间性) Listen! The song being sung is
14、 very popular with the young men. (表正在) The question to be discussed at the Sunday meeting is very important. (表将来) 在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示”感到”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如: interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的 exciting令人感到激动的excited感到激动的 shocking令人感到震惊的shocked感到震惊的 过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别: 1.感官动词(see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役动词(have，let，make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意:make不能接现在分词作宾补。例如: I heard her sing
