语法复习15:形容词和副词(修订)

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1、2013届高三英语语法要点精讲(配最新高考+模拟)专题19 形容词和副词【考纲解读】形容词是英语中较为复杂的一种词类,形式变化灵活,如有原级、比较级和最高级等,用法比较复杂。预测高考中对于形容词的考查应注意以下几点:形容词的辨析,形容词的原级、比较级和最高级,以及一些特别重要的固定句型结构,同时要注意多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序等等。副词数量多、近义词多、用法复杂,且副词的位置在句子中也是多变的。高考中对于副词的考查不是单纯地进行语法要点的考查,而是要通过具体的语境来进行分析和判断。预测今后高考对于副词的考查主要会出现在:副词的近义词的辨析;关于副词的原级、比较级和最高级的句型;同根不同形的

2、副词;常考副词的辨析;比较级前的修饰语等等。一、概念导图:二、考点归纳与联想:I. 形容词1.形容词的位置:形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况下后置1以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible2alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置the only person aware; the students alike3修饰some, any, every, no等构成的复合不定代词时常后置nobody absent, e

3、verything possible4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long = a 50-meter-long bridge5形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with 6enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置,但修饰形容词或副词时要后置Students brave enough to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 2.复合形容词的构成1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famo

4、us2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-year3.形容词(短语)作伴随状语As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road. With so many probl

5、ems to solve, he lay in bed awake all night long. II.副词的分类:1时间副 词soon, now, early, finally,once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom,never2地点副 词here, nearby, outside,upwards, above 6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副 词hard, well, fast, slowly,excitedly, really7连接副词how, when, where, why, whethe

6、r,however, meanwhile4程度副 词almost, nearly, very, fairly,quite, rather8关系副词when, where, whyIII. 形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。项 目例 句同级比较时常常用 asas以及not so(as)asThe book is asa thick as the one he borrowed yesterday. He is not as/ so good a play

7、er as you were. 两者比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级 (+ than)”的结构表示。要注意题干中省略比较的另一方的情况。This picture is more attractive than that one. I have never experienced such a more exciting moment (than this one). 表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。This room is less big than that one.表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more”句型。The har

8、der you work, the more you will get.用比较级来表达最高级的意思I have never spent a more worrying day.我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。(意为:我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。)倍数的表达见数词部分【注意】1. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal;2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfe

9、ct,superior,junior等。3.叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。这类词有well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。4. 用形容词表示类别和整体(1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry.(2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用,如: the British,the Engl

10、ish,the French,the Chinese.5. 兼有两种形式的副词 (1)close与closely:close意思是“近”; closely 意思是“仔细地”。(2)late 与lately:late意思是“晚”; lately 意思是“最近”。(3)deep与deeply:deep意思“深”,表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,“深深地”。(4)high与 highly:high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much。(5) wide与widely:wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是“广泛地”、“在许多地方”。(6)free与freely:free

11、的意思是“免费”;freely 的意思是“无限制地”。6. 有关比较级的特殊句型not so muchas与其说不如说【例1】The chief reason for the population growth isnt so much a rise in birth rates_ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.A. and B. as C. but D. or【答案】B句意:人口增长的主要原因与其说是因为出生率的提高,还不如说是因为医疗的进步带来的死亡率下降的结果no/not any mor

12、ethan两者一样都不【例2】The heart is_intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.A. not so B. not muchC. much more D. no more【答案】D句意:心脏和胃两者都不具有智力,他们都受大脑控制no/not any lessthan两者一样,都,【注意】基本上与no/not any morethan意思相反 She is no less beautiful than her sister. 她和她姐姐一样漂亮just as so 正如, 也(用

13、倒装结构)【例3】Just as the soil is a part of the earth, _the atmosphere.A. as it is B. the same is C. so is D. and so is【答案】C7.不用比较级和最高级的形容词如下:(1)表示颜色的有:white, black(2)表示形态的有:round, square, oval, circular, triangular(三角形),level (3)表示性质和特征的有:atomic, economic, scientific, sonic, golden, silvery, woolen, ear

14、then, silent, full, empty, sure, dead, deaf, blind, lame, rainy (4)表示状态作表语的有:afraid, asleep, alive, ashamed, alone, aware, alike(5)表示时间、空间和方位的有:daily, weekly, monthly, annual, present, front, back, forward, backward, east, west, south, north, left, right, final (6)表示极限、主次、等级的有:maximum, minimum, utmo

15、st, main, major, chief minor, superior, inferior, senior, junior, super, favorite (7)含有绝对概念的有:absolute, entire, whole, total, perfect, excellent, thorough, complete.【试题放送】【2012湖南】24. Bicycling is good exercise; _, it does not pollute the air. A. neverthelessB. besidesC. otherwiseD. therefore【答案】B【考点】本题考察副词含义辨析。【解析】根据句意:“骑自行车是一种很

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