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1、.Module 9 Friendship词汇精讲1. separate(1)separate作形容词,意为“单独的;分开的”。例如:We dont have a separate dining roomthe living area is all one. 我们没有单独的饭厅活动空间都在一处。We offer separate classes for students to learn Chinese in different ways. 我们提供分班授课,让不同的学生以不同的方式学习中文。(2)separate作动词,意为“分开;隔开”。例如:Wed better separate the
2、good ones from the bad ones. 我们最好把好的和坏的分开。Even numerous mountains and rivers cannot separate our friendship. 纵然是万水千山也隔不断我们的情谊。【拓展】separately作副词,意为“单独地;分别地”。例如:He said he would see each of us separately. 他说他将分别约见我们每一个人。Please be sure that you wrap each item separately. 请确保独立地包装每件物品。2. explainexplain作
3、动词,意为“解释,说明,阐明”。其用法如下:(1)explain sth. to sb. 例如: Please explain that rule to me. 请把这条规则给我讲一讲。(2)explain (to sb.) + 疑问词 + 从句 例如: Please explain to me what this means. 请对我说明这是什么意思。(3)explain + that从句 例如: He explained that we could no longer stay. 他解释说我们不能再待下去了。【注意】explain后面不能接双宾语,在接间接宾语sb.时,前面应加介词to,即
4、explain sth. to sb.。3. treattreat作动词,意为“治疗;对待;看待”。例如: The dentistis treatingmy teeth. 牙医正在治疗我的牙齿。Marrytreatsmeasone of the family. 玛丽对待我就像家人一样。【拓展】treatment是treat的名词形式,意为“对待;待遇;治疗”时,常用搭配有:medical treatment药物治疗;hospital treatment住院治疗。4. whetherwhether作连词,意为“是否”。当把一般疑问句的直接引语转化成间接引语时,常用if或whether作引导词。例
5、如: I asked her, “Do you study English here?” 我问她:“你在这里学习英语吗?” I asked her if/ whether she studied English there. 我问她是否在那里学习英语。【拓展】if和whether的辨析: if和whether均可表示“是否”,一般情况下二者可以互换。但在下列条件下,只能用whether而不能用if:(1)if后不能直接接or not。(2)whether可作介词的宾语。(3)whether后可接不定式。(4)whether可用于句首。(5)whether可引导主语从句、表语从句。例如:Ever
6、ything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。Whether it is right or wrong, I dont know. 正确与否,我不知道。It doesnt matter whether he will come or not. 他来不来没关系。5. patient(1)patient作形容词,意为“有耐心的, 能忍受的”,后接with/of。例如:Hes a very patient man. 他是个很有耐心的人。The teacher is very patient with his stude
7、nts.这位老师对学生很耐心。(2)patient作名词,意为“病人”。例如:The doctor is very patient with his patients. 那位医师对病人十分耐心。6. encourageencourage 作动词,意为“鼓励”。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如:The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。My mother encouraged me to enter the contest. 妈妈鼓励我参加那场比赛。【拓展】(1)encou
8、rage sb. in sth. 意为“在方面鼓励/助长某人”。例如: Dont encourage him in laziness. 别助长他的懒惰行为。(2)encouragement是encourage的名词形式,意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如: The teachers words were a great encouragement to him. 老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。7. passpass作动词,意为“经过;通过;”。例如:I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。They passed through the forest. 他们穿过了森林。
9、【拓展】(1)pass作动词,意为“传递”。pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.意为“将某物传递给某人”。例如: He passed me a pen. = He passed a pen to me. 他递给我一支笔。(2)pass on是动副结构,意为“继续传递”,pass on sth. to sb. = pass sth. on to sb.,但当sth.是代词时,只能放在pass on之间。例如: When he got the message, he passed it on to others. 当他获得这个消息时,他继续传递给别人。8. includ
10、einclude作动词,意为“包括;包含”。例如:The price for the hotel includes breakfast. 旅店的费用包括早餐在内。The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里有一本字典。【拓展】including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外,在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用,和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语,意思是“包括在内”。例如:There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham.有很多种月饼,包括水果的,咖啡
11、的和火腿月饼。There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.班里有40名学生,包括我在内。同样,included也有介词用法,且:including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included。所以上个例句亦可写成:There are 40 students in the classroom, me included.词汇精练I. 英汉短语互译。1最后一次_ 2对某人微笑_3在那时_ 4担心_5as usual _ 6make friends _7day by day _ 8far away _II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。1D
12、ont _(大笑) at others when they are in trouble2This watch was a g_ from my aunt3Look,the gun is shining _(明亮的)4During spring festival,we Chinese often visit friends and _(亲戚)5Please remember not to t_ the things in the shop6Dont be a_ to ask the teachers questions7You neednt w_ about his safetyIII. 用方
13、框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空,每个词限用一次。get back;each other;polite;twelve;knife;excite;at first;Im afraid;feel like;some time1Watching a football match can make people feel _2The Browns are going to celebrate their daughters _ birthday3His father always _ home at 5:00 p. m. 4We should speak to the old _5In Britain
14、,people not only use _ to cut things but also use them to have meals6What does it _ being at school in China?7_ Ill be late for class8_ I didnt like him but now I do9From now on we should help _ because we are friends10“I thought it would be nice to spend _ with you,” I said【参考答案】I. 英汉短语互译。1the last time 2smile at sb. 3at that moment 4worry about5和平时一样 6交朋友 7一天天地 8远离II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。1laugh 2gift 3brightly 4relatives5touch 6afraid 7worryIII. 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空,每个词限用一次。1excited 2twelfth 3gets back 4politely 5knives6feel like