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1、第四讲定语从句 第一课时知识过关课1.在限制性定语从句中which，who，whom常可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。2.在非限制性定语从句中，或者当先行词是指人的those，anyone，everyone，people，he，all，few，one(s)等时，不能用that引导。3.以下情况下一般用that：(1)当先行词是指物的all，little，few，much，any，anything，everything，nothing，none，the one时，或先行词被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修饰时。(2)先行词是序数词或形容词最高级时，
2、或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、形容词最高级及the only，the very等修饰时。(3)先行词包括人和物时。4.当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when、where、why来引导定语从句。另外，when，where，why一般可用“介词which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。注意当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词when，where，why，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。5.当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时，这类
3、非限制性定语从句只能由which或as来引导。两者的区别在于：(1)which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后。(2)which常译作“这”；而as常译作“正如”，且多与see，expect，imagine，know，hope等动词连用。(3)在定语从句中作主语时，若用as，其谓语部分一般有be；若谓语是不含be的行为动词时，要用which。(4)as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制。(5)as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as o
4、ften happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is known to all(众所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等等。读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线和黑体部分。思考：引导定语从句的关系词是如何确定。It was the_summer_of_2012,_when1 I came to Guangning No. 1 Senior High School.Our school is a_wonderful_place,_where2 I can see a lot of beau
5、tiful buildings and a large square.Our_classroom,_the_roof_of_which3 looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school.The_main_reason_why4 I like our school is that I can make many friends.I can get along with my_classmates here, two_of_whom5 are my best friends.Jack，who6
6、comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various_sports，among_which7 he likes running very much.He_will_run_5_kilometers_every_day，which8 makes him look strong.Nick，whose9 father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard.We often talk about the_people_and_the_
7、things that10 we see in our school.Nick prefers the_food that11 is made in our canteen.The_teacher whom12 he likes is Mr. Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.1.先行词是the summer of 2012，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关
8、系副词when (in which，during which)引导定语从句。2.先行词是a wonderful place，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where (at which)引导定语从句。3.先行词是Our classroom，直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是物时，只能用which。the roof of which中的of表所属关系，意为“我们教室的屋顶”。4.先行词是the main reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，只能用why引导。5.先行词是my classmates，直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是人时，只能用whom。two of whom中的of表示部分
9、与整体的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。6.先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。7.先行词是various sports，直接在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。8.先行词是He will run 5 kilometers every day整个句子，并在从句中作主语，用which引导。9.先行词是Nick，在定语从句中作定语，表示Nicks，用whose引导。10.先行词是the people and the things，既包括人又包括事物，通常只用that引导。11.先行词是the food，在定语从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。12.先行词是t
10、he teacher，在定语从句中作likes的宾语，故用whom引导。.单句填空(用适当的关系词填空)1.Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?2.Is this the reason why he was so careless in his work?3.The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.4.He lives in a village which is not far from the city
11、.5.He lives in the village where he was born.6.A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.7.In an hour, we travel to places where we can relax and get refreshed.8.The place which interested me most was the Childrens Palace.9.The place where he had a good ti
12、me last Sunday was the Childrens Palace.10.Ill never forget the days when we studied together.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.There was a time that he didnt get along well with his classmates.thatwhen2.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of who agreed that it was the bes
13、t of this year.whowhom3.The earthquake was felt in Beijing, that is more than two hundred kilometres away.thatwhich4.This is the best method which has been used against pollution.whichthat5.The school shop, which customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.whichwhose6.Which is reported
14、 in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.WhichAs7.The Great Wall was built in a time that countries were at war.thatwhen8.She told her mother she would not marry anyone that she didnt love.thatwhom9.The school which I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home.whichwher
15、e/在which前加上at10.The reason why he gave for not coming was that his mother didnt allow him to.whywhich/that.语篇填空(在下面空格处填入1个适当的连接词，使结构完整，语意通顺。)There was a time 1._ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this is the reason 2._ my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，3._ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately, my guide，4._ teacher was Li Yang，communicated with me face to face, f
