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1、一 名词 名词 具体名词 抽象名词 普通名词 专有名词 个体名词 集体名词 名词 可数名词 不可数名词 复数 英语语法中 名词有两种数的形式 1 单数 表示一个人或事物 2 复数 表示多于一个的人或数 只有可数名词才有复数形式 名词的数 名词复数形式的构成 形式变化规则发音例词 一般情况 s1 清辅音结尾的名词后 s 2 浊辅音结尾的名词后 z 3 元音结尾的名词后 z books cups cats dogs birds arms days players 以 s sh ch x z结尾的名 词 es iz bus brush boxes watch 大多数以 o结 尾的名词 es z to
2、matoes potatoes 以元音字母加o 结尾的名词 s z radios pianos 以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词 把y改成i再 加es z stories families babies 以f和fe结尾的 大多数名词 把f或fe改 成v再加es z thieves knives 1 由元音字母的变化构成 man men tooth teeth foot feet mouse mice woman women 2 有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样 sheep deer fish 但也可以是fishes 3 有些名词变成复数时加 en child children ox oxen 不规
3、则名词的复数 Practise 1 peach 2 zoo 3 glass 4 fox 5 lady 6 policewoman 7 house 8 photo 9 monkey 10 wife 11 rose 12 path 13 judge 14 map peacheszoos glassesfoxes ladiespolicewomen housesphotos monkeyswives rosespaths judgesmaps 二 人称代词 主格 I we you she he it they 宾格 me us you her him it them 形容词性 物主代词 my our
4、 your her his its their 名词性 物主代词 mine ours yours hers his its theirs 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 后跟名词 能够在句子中独立作 主语 宾语或表语 Practise 1 他 is my brother 2 I had a letter from 她 3 It s all right it s only 我 4 Today 我们 went in 我们的 car tomorrow 我们 are going in 他们的 5 我 lend 我的 books gladly to 我的 friends and to 你的 6 Can y
5、ou help 我 with 我的 English 7 When 你 go to see 你的 father please take these books to 他 8 他们 found 它 difficult to learn German He her me weour wetheirs Imymy yours memy youyour him Theyit 所有格 所有格的形式 单数人称名词末尾加 schild child s 以 s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加 swaitress waitress s 不规则的复数人称名词末尾加 schildren children s 以 s结尾的复数
6、人称名词末尾加 girls girls 以 s结尾的一些人名末尾加 sJames James s 下列情况一般用 of 结构 1 东西 没有现成的复合名词时 the book of the film 2 东西的一部分 the bottom of the box 3 抽象的概念 the price of success 4 当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时 Can t you look at the book of the boy behind you 双重 s结构也可以用于 of 结构之后 如 a friend of my father s 出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一
7、个限定词 又如 this son of mine a friend of yours a cousin of hers等等 Isn t Frank a friend of yours That silly uncle of Tom s has told me the same Joke five times 冠词 不定冠词a an 定冠词the 只能用于单数可数名词之前 单数可数名词 复数可数名词 不可数名词 零冠词名词前可不用冠词 不定冠词的用法 1 表示 一 任何一个 或 不管哪一个 的意思 I have a sister and two brothers 2 在某些度量表示法中 We h
8、ave PE lessons three times a week 3 用在单数的表语名词前 以表示职业 行业 宗教 等级等 George wants to be an engineer 4 在以what引导的感叹句中 单数的可数名词前 What a pretty girl 5 一些常用短语中 have a good time half an hour have a headache 定冠词的用法 1 用来表示 独一无二 的意思 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west 2 表示 说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物 There is a boat
9、in the river The boat is made of wood 3 用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前 the letter from America the fourteenth of April 4 用在泛指的乐器名词前 He plays the piano 5 一些常用短语 by the way in the morning What s the matter 零冠词的用法 1 泛指的抽象名词前 Life is very hard for some people 2 泛指的物质名词前 Water is very useful 3 泛指的复数名词前 Books are my b
10、est friends 4 泛指的 餐 名前 Come to have dinner breakfast with me 5 大多数的专有名词前 He comes from France 6 语言的名词前 She can speak French 7 在季节和节日的名词前 Winter is the best time for skating 8 当名词前已有一些代词修饰时 My brother is a soldier 9 在体育项目的名词前 play basketball 10 一些常用短语 at home go to school at night 1 There is notebook
11、 on my desk I use notebook to keep a diary 2 There is bottle on the table water in it is sweet 3 Wang s mother is English teacher She teaches in primary school 4 China is ancient country with long history 5 China has population of 12 hundred million Chinese people are great people 6 Her mother is un
12、iversity teacher She is honest woman 7 None of books should be taken out of room without permission of librarian 8 Party always teaches us to work for people heart and soul 9 She studies at No 3 Middle School She goes to school by bus every day 10 My elder sister is student of English She studies at
13、 college 11 Monday before Spring Festival was very cold 12 Have you had dinner Practise athe aThe anthe ana theThe aan thethe the The a a The 四 动词 动词主要表示动作 其次表示状态或性质 有时态 语态 语气等形式的变化 小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有 实义动 词 be动词 情态动词can等 Be动词 am is are was were been Practise 1 He very good at English 2 My father and I go
14、ing to Beijing next month 3 you on duty the day before yesterday 4 Mr King in London two weeks ago 5 There many kinds of animals in the zoo 6 What the date yesterday 7 Look A little girl flying a kite 8 Who not at school last Monday 9 Have you ever to Japan 10 I not a nurse I work as a doctor is are
15、 Were was are was is was been am 动词的基本形式 原形 第三人称单 数现在式 过去式过去分词现在分词 studystudiesstudiedstudied studying dodoesdiddonedoing havehashadhadhaving learnlearns learned learnt learned learnt learning 第三人称单数现在式 情况变化规则例词 一般情况 s works learns eats needs says 结尾为 s x sh ch o es passes washes teaches goes fixes
16、结尾为辅音 字母 y 变y为 i es carries studies flies hurries cries 动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式 分别是is和has 动词的过去式 构成 例词读音 在动词 后加ed 在以e结 尾的动词 后加ed 在以辅音字母加 y结尾的动词后 先变y为i再加 ed 在重读闭音节或r音节 结尾而末尾只有一个 辅音字母时 须双写 这个辅音字母再加ed 在清辅音后读 t looked washed passed hoped liked stopped dropped 在元音和浊辅音 后读 d stayed called livedstudied tried carried planned preferred 在辅音 t d 后读 id tasted needed admitted permitted 现在分词 情况变化规则例词 一般情况 ingdoing asking helping 以不发音的e结尾 的动词 去e加inghaving taking writing living 以重读闭音节结尾 而末尾只有一个辅 音字母的动词 双写最后一个辅音 字母 再
