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1、此文档是毕业设计外文翻译成品（ 含英文原文+中文翻译），无需调整复杂的格式！下载之后直接可用，方便快捷！本文价格不贵,也就几十块钱！一辈子也就一次的事！外文标题：Putting the sharing economy into perspective外文作者：Koen Frenkena, Juliet Schorb文献出处: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions ，2019 (如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)英文6596单词，42631字符(字符就是印刷符)，中文10636汉字。（如果字数多了，可自行删减，大多
2、数学校都是要求选取外文的一部分内容进行翻译的。）Putting the sharing economy into perspectiveAbstract：We develop a conceptual framework that allows us to define the sharing economy and its close cousins and we understand its sudden rise from an economic-historic perspective. We then assess the sharing economy platforms in t
3、erms of the economic, social and environmental impacts. We end with reflections on current regulations and future alternatives, and suggest a number of future research questions.Keywords: Sharing； Platform； Sustainability； Reverse technology assessment ；Regulation1.IntroductionIn the Spring of 2014,
4、 the sharing economy held an unusual gathering in San Francisco, a sort of “coming out” party. Entitled “SHARE,” the conference included not only founders, funders and fans of the sharing economy, but also harsh critics. Politically progressive insiders and outsiders raised questions about access, e
5、xclusion and the distribution of value in the sector. They discussed their vision of a fairer, lower-carbon, more transparent, participatory and socially-connected economy, and whether those goals are consistent with the actions of the large, moneyed playersthe successful platforms and the venture c
6、apitalists who are backing them with vast sums of nance. More recently, a key gure from the French sharing economy think thank OuiShare even stated at their annual conference in Paris that “the sharing economy is over” as it did not live up its initial promises (De Grave, 2016).It is clear that the
7、sharing economy is creating enormous amounts of wealth, and that it has been using a socially- progressive feel-good rhetoric to do so. But will the platforms share that wealth with userson both the provider and user sides of the market? Will the platforms ensure widespread accessby expanding their
8、user base beyond the mostly white, highly educated, able-bodied urbanites who have comprised the bulk of users in the first stage? Will they make good on their promises to provide decent livelihoods for providers, opportunities for so-called “micro-entrepreneurs” and will they continue to provide re
9、al value to customers? Or is the rhetoric merely a thin veneer to hide a predatory business model that will ultimately appropriate value to investors and founders, once the market develops and users are locked into the platforms? Will the platforms behave like the monopolies that some seem poised to
10、 become? While its too early for definitive answers to answer these questions, we believe it is crucial we start asking them in a more analytical, empirical and critical manner.Our aim with this paper is to put the sharing economy into perspective by providing a conceptual framework that allows us t
11、o define the sharing economy and its close cousins and to understand its sudden rise from an economic-historic perspective (Section 2), to assess sharing economy platforms in terms of the economic, social and environmental impacts (Section 3), and to reflect on current regulations and possible alter
12、native platform architectures (Section 4). We end with some research questions for future research (Section 5).2.Deftnitional issuesThere has been widespread ambiguity and even confusion about the term “sharing economy” among academics and the public alike. One reason is due to a common misconceptio
13、n about the sharing economy: its novelty. Participants in the sharing economy employ a discourse of trendiness, technological sophistication, progress and innovation. However, this characterization betrays both class and race myopia, as well as what historians call “presentism,” or blindness to the
14、past. Humans have always shared. Sharing reproduces social relations and solidies cultural practices (Belk, 2009). Furthermore, sharing is not just a relic of pre-modern societies. Carol Stacks classic ethnography of the dense relations of reciprocity and interdependence among poor black urbanites i
15、n the U.S. showed how important sharing was to survival even a few decades ago (Stack, 1974). By contrast, Hochschilds (2012) recent work on the growth of outsourced services among middle class whites suggests lower and declining levels of sharing. Thus, the claim that sharing is new ignores the hig
16、her levels of sharing that the working class, poor and communities of color have historically practiced and have partially maintained in the face of the growth of markets.However, there is something new about the sharing economy, which one of us has called “stranger sharing” (Schor, 2014). Historically, although there are some exceptions, people tended not to share with strangers or those outside their social net- works. Sharing was confined t
