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1、. . . .大连理工大学城市学院 本科生毕业设计（论文） 学 院：电子与自动化学院专 业： 自动化 学 生： 孙启轩 指导教师： 吕 攀 完成日期： 2015年5月26日大连理工大学城市学院本科生毕业设计（论文）电加热炉控制系统设计 总计 毕业设计（论文） 63 页表格 1 个插图 15 幅 专业.专注 .摘 要 电加热炉控制系统设计实际上的意义就是对于工业用的电加热炉的温度进行智能控制的手段。而温度又是工业领域里最为重要的几个模拟量参数之一。因此，对于温度的控制也是在过程控制领域中的一个重要的步骤。电加热炉作为特种工业炉，其优点在于高效节能而且安全性相比于传统的工业用锅炉更高。其核心为导热
2、油以及热油泵，也就是所谓的电加热导热油系统，通过它们从而提供高效的热量。导热油在电加热炉工作系统中扮演着介质这样一个角色。加热元件通电后产生热量，热量通过导热油传递给用热设备。而导热油的循环是通过循环泵的工作，热量因此被传递出去。综上所述，电加热炉在工业领域有着举足轻重的地位，其特点大致可以总结为以下几点：（1） 运行控制完备齐全，达到自动化控制（2） 在压力较为低的环境中依旧可以工作，且工作温度同样很高（3） 工作效率高、控制精度高（4） 空间小，结构简单，安装简便电加热炉自身有着如此大的优势，而在控制的过程当中，较为难加以控制的当属于某些控制对象的时滞性以及非线性，这些原因则往往来自于加热
3、的过程的不同，以及加热的对象的构造成分上的差异，因此，而产生难以建立数学模型的结果。然而，伴随着社会的不断进步，工业领域对于温度的控制也极大地不同。传统老套的PID控制的策略方法显然已经难以适应高新技术的浪潮的席卷。而新型的数字式PID或者更为先进的嵌入式微控制器则可以更好地完成对于温度的调控。嵌入式微控制器的使用已经越来越接近于工业领域的发展需求，使用嵌入式微控制器来调控电加热炉的温度则是简单且灵活，而且，嵌入式微控制器还有成本低的优势，构造及操作也相对于其他的调控方式更为简单，温度调控的技术指标也可以得到大幅度的提升。有了以上所叙述的优点的支持，也会使得电加热炉产品无论是在数量上还是在质量
4、上同样会有大幅度的提升。在众多的嵌入式微控制器中，AT89C51单片机无论是从兼容性上还是从配置上都符合要求。而且AT89C51也满足了简单灵活，且成本较为低廉的优点。AT89C51单片机的编程方式及语言和开发也是更为简便。汇编语言更是可以有效且严谨的控制每一步工作流程。从而提高了系统在工作状态下的自动化水平。关键词：电加热炉；微控制器；电加热导热油系统；AT89C51AbstractThe electric heating furnace control system design is actually the significance of intelligent control met
5、hod for industrial use of electric heating furnace temperature. While the temperature is the most important industrial fields in one of several analog parameters. Therefore, the temperature control is also in the field of process control in an important step. The electric heating furnace as a specia
6、l industrial furnace, the utility model has the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving and safety compared to the traditional industrial boiler is more high. The core of heat conducting oil, hot oil pump, which is called the electrical heating oil system, through which to provide efficient
7、heat. Oil plays a medium in the system of electric heating furnace in such a role. The heating element is energized after heat, heat through the heat conducting oil transfer to heat equipment. While conducting oil circulating through the circulation pump is working, so the heat is delivered. To sum
8、up, the electric heating furnace has play a decisive role position in the industrial field, its characteristics can be summarized as follows:（1） Operation control is complete, to achieve automatic control（2） Can still work under pressure is low in the environment, and the working temperature is also
9、 high（3） High working efficiency, high control precision（4） Small space, simple structure, convenient installationThe electric furnace itself has such a big advantage, while in the control process, the more difficult to control when the control object belongs to a certain time lag and nonlinear proc
10、ess, these reasons are often different from heating, and differences, structural components of heating on the object and therefore, it is difficult to establish mathematics the results of the model. However, with the progress of society, the industrial field for temperature control is also greatly d
11、ifferent. The traditional method of old PID control strategy is obviously already difficult to adapt the sweeping wave of high-tech. The new digital PID or more advanced embedded micro controller can better achieve the temperature regulation. The development needs to use the embedded micro controlle
12、r is more and more close to the industrial field, the use of embedded micro controller to control the temperature of the electric heating furnace is simple and flexible, and the embedded micro controller and, the advantages of low cost, construction and operation is also relative to the regulation o
13、f other more simple, technical index and temperature control can also be has been greatly enhanced. The advantage of the above described support, will make the electric heating furnace products both in quantity and quality can also be greatly improved. In many of the embedded micro controller AT89C5
14、1 microcontroller, either from the compatibility or from the configuration to meet the requirements. But AT89C51 also meet the advantages of simple and flexible, and the cost is relatively low. AT89C51 microcontroller programming language and development and is also more convenient. Assembly languag
15、e is more rigorous and effective control of every step of the work process. In order to improve the level of automation in the working condition of system. Keywords: electric heating furnace; micro controller; electrical heating oil system; AT89C51目 录摘 要IAbstractIII第一章：引言11.1 选题的背景情况以及国内国外的研究概况11.2 自动化控制理论的简介及其发展21.3 课题的建立以及本文完成的主要工作5第二章：方案设计62.1 方案介绍62.1.1 方案确定62.1.2 系统组成72.2
