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1、 2018 Section I Use of English Directions Read the following text Choose the best word s for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET 10 points Trust is a tricky business On the one hand it s a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things child care friendships etc On the other ha
2、nd putting your 2 in the wrong place often carries a high 3 4 why do we trust at all Well because it feels good 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution their brains release oxytocin a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7
3、 with one another Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9 In a Swiss study researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something
4、 else 11 for us we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container The tester would ask What s in her
5、e before looking into the container smiling and exclaiming Wow Each subject was then invited to look 15 Half of them found a toy the other half 16 the container was empty and realized the tester had 17 them Among the children who had not been tricked the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester
6、 in learning a new skill demonstrating that they trusted his leadership 19 only five of the 30 children paired with the 20 tester participated in a follow up activity 1 A on B like C for D from 2 A faith B concern C attention D interest 3 A benefit B debt C hope D price 4 A Therefore B Then C Instea
7、d D Again 5 A Until B Unless C Although D When 6 A selects B produces C applies D maintains 7 A consult B compete C connect D compare 8 A at B by C of D to 9 A context B mood C period D circle 10 A counterparts B substitutes C colleagues D supporters 11 A Funny B Lucky C Odd D Ironic 12 A monitor B
8、protect C surprise D delight 13 A between B within C toward D over 14 A transferred B added C introduced D entrusted 15 A out B back C around D inside 16 A discovered B proved C insisted D remembered 17 A betrayed B wronged C fooled D mocked 18 A forced B willing C hesitant D entitled 19 A In contra
9、st B As a result C On the whole D For instance 20 A inflexible B incapable C unreliable D unsuitable Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 40 points Text 1 Amo
10、ng the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign What happens when the robots come for their jobs Don t dismiss that possibility entirely About half of U S jobs are at high risk of being automated according to a University
11、of Oxford study with the middle class disproportionately squeezed Lower income jobs like gardening or day care don t appeal to robots But many middle class occupations trucking financial advice software engineering have aroused their interest or soon will The rich own the robots so they will be fine
12、 This isn t to be alarmist Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past The Industrial Revolution didn t go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed Likewi
13、se automation should eventually boost productivity stimulate demand by driving down prices and free workers from hard boring work But in the medium term middle class workers may need a lot of help adjusting The first step as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age should
14、be rethinking education and job training Curriculums from grammar school to college should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem solving skills and helping students work alongside robot
15、s Online education can supplement the traditional kind It could make extra training and instruction affordable Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U S to revive its fading busines
16、s dynamism Starting new companies must be made easier In previous eras of drastic technological change entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven t been invented yet The U S needs the new companies that will invent them Finally because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought Taxes on low wage labor need to be
