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1、Isaac Newton 1642 1727 英国物理学家 Listening and discussing 经典物理学理论体系的建立者 1665年创立微分 1666年开始研究积分 1666年 开始想到研究重力 gravity 问题 苹果落地的传说 也是在此时发生的轶事 其一生的重大科学思想是在这两年期间 22至23岁 形成的 1669年 把 自然哲学的数学原理 宇宙体系 等手稿送到剑桥大学 图书馆收藏 晚年研究宗教 Albert Einstein 1879 1955 质量 m 和能量 E 的相当性 E mc2 爱因斯坦在量子论 分子运动论 相对论 Theory of Relativity 等
2、物理学的三个不同 领域取得了历史性成就 特别是狭义相对 论的建立和光量子论的提出 推动了 物理学理论的革命 他对社会进步事业 也有重要贡献 霍金 born in 1942 斯蒂芬 藿金是当今科学界的一位传奇性 人物 这不仅仅因为他是一位被誉为继 爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想家和最杰出 的理论物理学家 还在于他是在常人无法 想象的身体状况下进行研究和创造性 工作的 black hole 黑洞 黑洞并非只是吞噬物质 除了会在星系 形成的过程中扮演重要角色外 在经过 一段相当漫长的时间后 黑洞也会把一些 曾被它吸入的物质信息向外界释放出来 A The text is about how three s
3、cientists wanted to find out about the beginning of the universe B The text is about how the idea of gravity has developed over a long period of time C The text is about the importance of three scientists and their work Listen to the tape and choose the best summary B is correct because it gives a c
4、lear idea of what the listening passage is about A is not true The three scientists wanted to explain how the universe worked and not how it began C is too general and does not give enough detail about what the listening passage is about Isaac Newton Albert Einstein Stephen Hawking Idea Large bodies
5、 have a force which pulls things towards them In space large objects make space and time bend the larger the object the further space and time bend Black holes have a very large mass and pull things towards them Listen to the tape and fill in the chart Isaac Newton Albert Einstein Stephen Hawking De
6、velop ment The bigger the object the stronger the gravity Time goes slower in very strong gravity If you go over the edge you cannot get out but if you do not you may be able to escape THEORIES OF GRAVITY Michael Jones of the New Space Magazine is talking with space traveller Li Yanping about change
7、s in the theory of gravity LY Dr Li Yanping MJ Dr Michael Jones Listening text Part 1 MJ Hello Dr Li Yanping It s so good of you to talk to me Some students ask us why things always fall back to earth if you throw them up in the air Could you explain it LY Well at first people thought it was because
8、 the earth was the centre of the universe Of course that was wrong One day lsaac Newton watched an apple fall to the ground He said that something else must be pulling the apple back to earth He called it gravity MJ I see Did people accept his idea LY They did Later they worked out that bigger objec
9、ts like the sun have stronger gravity than smaller objects like our planets If you are travelling in deep space you couldn t fall back to the earth You re just too far away Part 2 MJ Does it mean there s no gravity in space LY No In a spaceship you would feel the pull as it got closer to such an obj
10、ect You would travel faster and faster towards it MJ Until you hit it LY Not exactly You may pass it very fast and then it would throw you out into space again After that you would slow down to the usual speed MJ How do you know this LY In 1905 Einstein said that in space large objects make space ti
11、me bend the larger the object the further space time bends So time goes slower in very strong gravity MJ What about black holes LY That s a place in space which has such a strong mass that nothing can escape from its gravity There is a kind of edge around this mass If you cross over this edge around
12、 this mass it s impossible for you to get back However if you don t cross this edge you can still escape Stephen Hawking has done a lot of research into black holes He has shown that they spit things out as well as eat them Reading A VISIT TO THE MOON spacewalk China s first astronaut Yang Liwei Do
13、you want to go to the moon Imagine what you will feel when you are in space The pull of the earth s gravity will disappear when you are in space You will be weightless The gravity of the moon is very light You will weigh less than on the earth Fast reading True or False 1 The force of of gravity wou
14、ld change four times on their journey 2 When they were on the moon they would not feel the gravity because there was no gravity on the moon 3 Since the gravity has changed their walk didn t need a lot of practice F F F 1 The passage is mainly about A introduction of the moon B the gravity that I fel
15、t on my way to the moon C my visit to the moon D my friend Yanping an astronomer Read the text carefully and choose the best answer C 2 According to the text we know that the force of the gravity would change times A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 3 When did the author feel strongest of the gravity of the earth A On
16、 the moon B On the half way to the moon C At the very beginning D On their leaving from the moon C B 4 What causes the writer to feel that he becomes weightless on the moon A Spaceship B Gravity C His friend D His Good feelings of the moon B 5 From the text we can know if a man grows up on the moon A he will grow taller than on the earth B he will grow shorter than on the earth C he will become fatter D he will become weightless A Read the passage carefully and then describe the three ways in wh
