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1、Unit1 Greatscientists expertattendphysicianexposechallengevictim adj 熟练的 经验丰富的n 专家 行家vt 照顾 出席 参加n 医师vt 暴露 揭露 使曝光n 挑战vi 向 挑战n 受害者 absorbsuspectenquiryneighbourhoodseverepump vt 吸收 吸引 使专心vt 怀疑n 被怀疑者 嫌疑犯n 询问n 附近 临近adj 严重的 严厉的n 泵 抽水机vt 用泵 抽 水 foreseeblamepollutehandleannounceinstruct vt 预见 预知n 责备 谴责vt 过
2、失 责备vt 污染 弄脏n 柄 把手vt 处理 操纵vt 宣布 通告vt 命令 指示 教导 expose tolink to 使显露 暴露将 和 联系或连接起来 Expressionspreview Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch Discussinsmallgroupsthestagesinsettingoutanewscientificidea DrawaconclusionThinkofamethodCollectresultsMakeaquestionFindaproblemAnalysetheresultFindsupp
3、ortingevidence Pre reading Afterreadingthepassageonpage2 putthecorrectstagesintothereadingaboutresearchintoadisease Infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople Theyhaveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem Peoplemaybeexposedtoinfectiousdisease somayanimals suchasbirdflu AIDS SARSareinfecti
4、ousdiseases Infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVibriocholerae Itinfectspeople sintestines 肠 causingdiarrheaandlegcramps 抽筋 Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthatha
5、sbeencontaminated 污染 withthebacteria Choleracanbemild 不严重的 orevenwithoutimmediatesymptoms 症状 butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment JOHNSNOWDEFEATS KINGCHOLERA Reading 7Makeaconclusion3Thinkofamethod4Collectresults2Makeaquestion1Findaproblem5Analysetheresults6Findsupportingevidence
6、Thestagesinexamininganewscientificidea Firstweshouldfindtheproblem Then thinkofamethod Weshouldcollectasmuchinformationaspossible Analyzingresultsisthemostimportantstage Beforewemakeaconclusion itisnecessaryforustofindsupportingevidence Readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened Jo
7、hnSnowbegantotesttwotheories AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854 JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere KingCholerawasdefeated Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump
8、 JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854 JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease 1 2 4 7 JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere KingCholerawasdefeated Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump Hehadthehandleremovedfromt
9、hewaterpump 8 3 6 5 JohnSnow 1813 1858 JohnSnowwasborninYorkonMarch15th 1813 theoldestofninechildren Hisfatherworkedasalaborer Whilepoor hisparentsweredeterminedtogivetheirchildrenwhatevereducationalopportunitiestheycouldafford Hewaseducatedataprivateschoolinhisnativecityuntiltheageoffourteen whenhe
10、wasapprenticed 当学徒 toWilliamHardcastle asurgeon 外科医生 livingatNewcastle on Tyne Afterservingforashorttimeasasurgeonandunqualifiedassistantduringthecholeraepidemicof1831 1982 hebecameinOctober1836astudentattheHunterianSchoolofmedicineinGreatWindmillStreet London HebegantoattendthemedicalpracticeattheW
11、estminsterHospitalinthefollowingOctober HegraduatedM D oftheUniversityofLondonon20Dec 1844 andin1850hewasadmittedalicentiateoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians Hedesignedachloroforminhaler 氯仿吸入器 describedinhisbook OnChloroformandotherAnesthetics publishedin1858 Dr Snowwasalsoaprominentanesthesiologist 麻醉师
12、 2Readthepassageagainandanswerthesequestions 1JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright Howdidhefinallyproveit 2DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap Giveareason 3Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday 1JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright Howdidhefinallyproveit
13、JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideasbecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera collectedinformationandwastotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater 2DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap Giveareason No ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas Hewasabletoidentitythosehouseholdsth
14、athadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater drinkinghabits Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause 3Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday Threediseases whicharesimilartoday areSARS AID
15、Sandbirdflu becausetheyareserious haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem WhatisCholera CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVibriocholerae Itinfectspeople sintestines 肠 causingdiarrhea 腹泻 vomitingandlegcramps Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasb
16、eencontaminatedwiththebacteria Afteradisaster thisisaveryrealdanger sinceregular cleanwaterandfoodsuppliesareoftenunavailable Thediseasecanbespreadevenfurtherbyinfectedpeopleusingalreadydirtywatersourcestocleanthemselvesordisposeofwaste Choleracanbemildorevenwithoutsymptoms aseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment Thediarrheaandvomitingbroughtonbytheinfectionquicklyleavethebodywithoutenoughfluid Thefollowingdehydration 脱水 andshockcankillapersonwithinhours GreatBritain Germany Deathoffi
