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1、第十讲名词性从句 名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点 也是热点 名词性 从句相当于名词 可做主句的主语 宾语 表语和同位语 因 此 名词性从句可分为主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位 语从句 见下表 名词性从句连接词 主语从句 用 that who whether if 不用于句首 what the thing that 等连接词引导 宾语从句 用 that 可省略 if whether or not what the thing which 等连接词引导 表语从句 用 that 一般不省略 whether what the thing which 等连接词引导 同位语从句 用 that 常指代
2、 news thought idea 等词 whether 等连接词引导 一 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句 通常放在主句谓 语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替 而本身放在句子末尾 结构常见句型 It is 名词 主语 从句 It is a fact pity that 事实是 遗憾的是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a question 疑问词 问题是 It is 形容词 主 语从句 It is clear that 很 清 楚 It is surprising that 令人惊讶的
3、是 It 不及物动词 主语从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰 巧 It appears that 看来 It is has been 过 去分词 主语从句 It is reported said believed that 据报道 据说 人们认为 It has been proved that 已证 实 1 用 it 做形式主语的结构 说明例句 if 引导的主语从句 不可位于复合句句 首 It s unknown whether if he will come 正 Whether he will come or not is unknown 正 If
4、he will come or not is unknown 误 It is said reported that 结构中的主语 从句不可提前 It is said that Jiang will visit our school next week 正 Jiang will visit our school next week is said 误 2 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 说明例句 It happens that It occurs to sb that 结构 中的主语从句不可提前 It occurred to him that he failed in the examinati
5、on 正 That he failed in the examination occurred to him 误 It doesn t matter how whether 结构中的 主语从句不可提前 It doesn t matter whether he is right or not 正 Whether he is right or not doesn t matter 误 含主语从句的复合句是 疑问句时 主语从句不 可提前 Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 正 Is that it will rain in the evenin
6、g likely 误 续表 说明例句 做动词 的宾语 由 that 引 导 的 宾 语 从句 that 通常可以 省略 My father always says that no pains no gains 父亲常常说 不 劳无获 由 what whether if when where who 等 引导的宾语从句 He went to see who was outside 他过去看是谁在外面 动词 间接宾语 宾语从句 She explained to the teacher why she was late this morning 她 向 老师解释今早她为什么迟到 二 宾语从句 宾语从
7、句是在复合句中做宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主 句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后 说明例句 做介词的宾语 通常由疑问 词 what whether when where how 等引导 According to what he has said he must have known the truth 根据他所 说的 他一定已经知道了真相 做形容词的宾语 I am very glad that you can come to the party 我很高兴你能来这个晚会 it 做形式宾语 The headmaster has made it clear that smoking is not al
8、lowed in the school 校长明确说学校不准吸烟 续表 说明例句 否定前移 若主句主语为第一 人称 且谓语动词为 think consider suppose believe expect fancy guess imagine 等时 其后的宾语从句若含有 否定意义 一般要把否定词转 移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用 肯定式 We didn t think it a good idea that she went home alone 我们觉得让 她独自回家不是个好主意 续表 三 表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中做表语的名词性从句 放在系动词 之后 一般结构是 主语 连系动词 表语从句
9、可以接表 语从句的连系动词有 be look remain seem 等 引导表语从句的 引导词 that 一般不省略 另外 常用的含有表语从句的结构还 有 The reason why is that It This That is because It This That is why 等 如 他上学迟到的原因是他错过了早班车 The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus He was late for school That is because he missed the early bus
10、He missed the early bus That is why he was late for school 四 同位语从句 同位语从句是在复合句中做同位语的名词性从句 通常由 that 引导 对名词作进一步的解释说明或说明名词的具体内容 在表示疑问或问题的名词 question problem 等后 也有用疑问 词引导的同位语从句 如 News came that he had been admitted to a key university 有消 息说他被一所重点大学录取了 He put forward a question in the meeting who will tak
11、e charge of the new department 他在会议上提出谁来负责这个新部门的 问题 五 特别提醒 1 whether if 是否 引导名词性从句的区别 1 放在句首引导主语从句或出现 or not 时 只能用 whether 引导 2 if 不能引导表语从句 3 if 不能引导介词后的宾语从句 4 宾语从句是否定句时只能用 if 5 discuss 后的宾语从句只能用 whether 引导 注意 doubt 作 怀疑 讲 后接宾语从句时 如主句是 肯定句 宾语从句用 whether 或 if 引导 如主句是否定句或疑 问句 宾语从句只能用 that 引导 如 I doubt
12、 whether if he is fit for the job 我怀疑他是否胜任这份 工作 I don t doubt that he can do it very well 他能把它做好 我不 怀疑 2 表示建议 命令 要求等意义的名词性从句要用 should 动词原形 should 可以省略 如 My suggestion is that he should be told the truth 我的建议 是要告诉他事实 He insisted that the meeting should be held according to the schedule 他坚持认为会议应该按议程进行 The General made the order that every soldier should be well prepared for the coming battle 将军命令每个士兵都要为即将开 始的战斗做好准备 It is the teacher s command that all the homework should be handed in tomorrow morning 老师要求所有作业都要在明天上午 上交
