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1、Unit19Language-语法篇_通过本节课的学习掌握名词从句的用法，及引导词的选择的方法。名词性从句 在复合句中起名词性作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。主语从句 引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类： 连接词that，whether，if； 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等； 连接副词when，where，why，how等。 1.连接词that，whether，if引导 That the college will take in more new students this year
2、is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。 It was doubtful whether/if the manager knew the details of the plan.经理是否知道计划的细节还不确定。 【注】 (1)if引导的主语从句主语从句不可放在句首，只能放于it作形式主语的句子中。Whether引导的语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，if和whether在句中都不充当成他，意为“是否”(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种： A. It+系动词+形容词(possible,easy,necessary,polite)+that从句。如：
3、 It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 B. It+系动词+名词(no wander,a pity,an honor)+that从句。如： It is no wander he was so sad.难怪他这么伤心呢。C. It+be+ved(known,said,expected,thought,reported,etc.)形式+that从句。如： It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.
4、 据宣布计划已经顺利实施。 DIt seems/happens+that从句It happened that he passed by the house.碰巧他经过那栋房子。2连接代词引导 What we cant get seems better than what we already have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。 who the letter was from is still unknown. 这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。 Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖
5、项。 3连接副词引导 How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear. 针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。 why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。1连接词that，whether，if引导 I think(
6、that)you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 【注】whether/if都意为是否。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。 (1)与or not紧接连用时。如： Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。 (2)作介词的宾语从句时。如： We are int
7、erested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。 2连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等如： She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。 Ill just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。 3.连接副词引导when，where，why，how等 Do you know when the ancient Olympi
8、c Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗? Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。 4宾语从句的语序 在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如： He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。5宾语从句的时态 (1) 主现从随意 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。She says(that)she works from Mo
9、nday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时) she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时) She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时) (2)主过从过 当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如： He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一
10、般过去时) He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时) He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时) (3)真理永存在 当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如： The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it 老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。【注】在使用
11、宾语从句时需要注意下面几点： (1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如： I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。 I have made it a rule that I keep diaries 我每天写日记成了惯例。 (2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示喜
12、欢；痛恨；认为的动词或动词短语和see to表示注意，留意后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后臵。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。表语从句常由连接词that，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why引导。【注】1.that引导表语从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但是不能省略。2.wh-类连词引导的表语从句在从句中
13、充当成分并有实际意义，主要作主语，宾语，表语和状语等。1连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 2连接代词和连接副词引导 The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 问题是谁将接管这家店铺。 That is when I realized the importance of jo
14、urnalism. 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。 【注】 (1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如： It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。 At that time,it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word. 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 (2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型T
15、he reason whyis that。如： The reason why he came late was that he got up late他来得晚是因为起床晚了。 同位语从句 同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。 1通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again. 他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。 I have no id
