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1、免费法律咨询3分钟100%回复上网找律师 就到中顾法律网 快速专业解决您的法律问题 http:/ 1 General provisionsArticle 1This standard is prepared in accordance with the General Independent Auditing Standard to establish standards for Certified Public Accountants (“CPAs”) on the study and evaluation of an entitys internal controls in the aud
2、it of financial statements， to assess audit risk， to improve audit efficiency and to ensure a high standard of professional work.Article 2The term “internal controls” in this standard refers to the policies and procedures formulated and implemented by an entity with a view to ensuring the efficient
3、conduct of the business activities， safeguarding assets， preventing， detecting and correcting error and fraud， and ensuring the truthfulness， legitimacy and completeness of accounting information.Internal controls include the control environment， accounting systems and control procedures.Article 3Th
4、e term “audit risk” in this standard refers to the possibility of the CPA expressing an inappropriate audit opinion after performing an audit， when the financial statements contain material misstatements or omissions. Audit risk includes inherent risk， control risk and detection risk.Article 4Unless
5、 otherwise specified， CPAs should refer to this standard in performing audit work other than the audit of financial statements.Chapter 2 General principlesArticle 5When preparing the audit plan， the CPA should study and evaluate the entitys internal controls.Article 6The CPA should perform complianc
6、e tests on any internal controls， which are intended to be relied upon， to determine the impact on the nature， timing and extent of the substantive tests.Article 7The CPA should maintain professional scepticism， apply professional judgement reasonably to assess the audit risk and to design and perfo
7、rm relevant audit procedures in order to reduce the audit risk to an acceptable level.Article 8The CPA should document the work carried out and the results of the study and evaluation of the internal controls and the assessment of the audit risk in the audit working papers.Chapter 3 Internal control
8、sArticle 9It is the accounting responsibility of the entitys management to establish sound internal controls. The relevant internal controls should generally：(1) ensure that business activities are conducted in accordance with appropriate authorization;(2) ensure that all transactions and events are
9、 promptly recorded at the correct amount， in the appropriate accounts and in the proper accounting period， to enable preparation of financial statements in accordance with the relevant requirements of the accounting standards;(3) ensure that access to and handling of assets and records are permitted
10、 only in accordance with appropriate authorization; and(4) ensure that assets recorded are reconciled with the physical assets at regular intervals.Article 10When determining the reliability of internal controls， the CPA should maintain professional scepticism and pay adequate attention to the follo
11、wing inherent limitations of internal controls：(1) The design and implementation of internal controls are restricted by the principle of cost and benefit;(2) Internal controls tend to be directed at routine business activities;(3) Even perfectly designed internal controls may not operate effectively
12、 due to human carelessness， distraction， mis-judgement and the misunderstanding of instructions;(4) Internal controls may be circumvented through the collusion by relevant persons with parties inside or outside the entity;(5) Internal controls may be circumvented when a person responsible for exerci
13、sing an internal control abuses that responsibility or submits to external pressure; and(6) Internal controls may deteriorate or become ineffective due to changes in the operating environment and the nature of the business.Article 11When preparing the audit plan， the CPA should understand the design
14、 and operating conditions of the entitys internal controls.When determining the nature， timing and extent of the audit procedures which should be performed to understand the internal controls， the CPA should mainly consider the following factors：(1) the size and business complexity of the entity;(2)
15、 the type and complexity of the entitys data processing system;(3) audit materiality;(4) the type of relevant internal controls;(5) the documentation of relevant internal controls; and(6) the result of the assessment of inherent risk.Article 12In understanding the internal controls， the CPA should make reasonable use of previous audit experience. With regard to significant internal controls， generally the CPA may also perform the following procedures：(1) make enquiries of the entitys relevant persons and inspect the relevant internal control docum
