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1、九年级英语复习-语法讲解(1-7 单元)Unit1By 是个很常用的介词(有时也用作副词),在初中英语中的用法有以下几种: 1.意为“ 在旁”、“靠近”。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖边画画儿。 2.意为“不迟于” 、“到时为止”。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by th
2、e end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可译作“靠” 、“用”、“凭借”、“ 通过”、“ 乘坐”等。如:The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boys father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph. 孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4.表示“ 逐个”
3、、“逐批”的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照” 的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和 take , hold 等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被 ”、“由” 等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。(即“许多人讲英语。”) 8.组
4、成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“ 顺便说 ”、“ 顺便问一下”,常做插入语。如: By the way , wheres Li Ping , do you know? 顺便问一下,李平在哪儿。你知道吗? 2) by oneself : 意为“单独 ”、“自行”。如: I cant leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为 “不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后,越来越多的人开始学英语了。
5、二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词 doing,相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1) 作主语(这种用法常考)Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。 2)作宾语 Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?3)作表语Babysisters job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。Unit2used
6、 to 的用法:(1)肯定句: used 这个词没有人称的变化,to 后面接动词原形。 否定句是 didnt use to.When I was a child, I didnt use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.疑问形式是 Did you use to?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?(2)含有 used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usednt + 主语,而用 didnt 主语。He used to smoke, didnt he? 他过去常常吸烟,是吗?Yes, he
7、 did./ No, he didnt. 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。(3) used to 表示过去的习惯动作, 而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。(4) used to 可以和 be, have 以及其他状态动词连用,描写过去的状态。 I used to be a waiter, but now Im a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员,但现在我是出租车司机。 本单元的许多运用 used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used
8、to be short.马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。Unit3本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法英语动词的被动语态由助动词 be 加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词 be 有时态,人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词 be 完全一样。一、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词invite 为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化: 二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下:
9、被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的,be 是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be 动词后面的过去分词不变。一般现在时的被动语态为:主am / is / are (not )过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为:主was / were 过去分词例如:我们学过的 was / were born 生于,就是一个被动语态.born 是个过去分词(bear)When were you born ? I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语is / am / are + being 过去分词现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语have / has been 过去分词情态动词的被动
10、语态: 情态动词be过去分词一般将来时的被动语态: 主语will be 过去分词过去将来时的被动语态: 主语would / should + be 过去分词过去进行时的被动语态: 主语was / were + being 过去分词过去完成时的被动语态: 主语had + been +过去分词三、被动语态的用法:(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用 by动作执行者短语 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。(2)强调动作的承受者,这时应用 by 短语。The bank was robbed yesterday
11、afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型 It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是:(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语(2 )动词改为被动形式,即 be+过去分词(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在 by 后面,如果没必要,可省略。请看下表:主动语态 被动语态They make trains in Zhuzhou They use this key for locking the
12、classroom doorMany people speak EnglishHe wrote a letterThey are building a road Trains are made in ZhuzhouThis key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)English is spoken by many peopleA letter was written by himA road is being built (by them)Unit4虚拟语气:如果我们所说的不是事实,也不是要求、命令、劝告等,而只是一种假设、愿望、建
13、议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气注意:条件句分两种,真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟(非真实)条件句中,才用虚拟语气,而在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。请比较:(1) If it is sunny tomorrow , well go to the zoo. 如果明天天气好,我们将会去公园。在这句话中,明天天气好是完全有可能实现的,并非虚拟、幻想,因此是真实条件句。在本句中,适用“主将从现。”(2) If I were you , I would go at once. (如果我是你的话,我立刻就走。)在这句话中,条件句,“如果我是你”,但事实上,我不可能成为你,这只是假设的情况,没有实现
14、的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表示,动词发生了变化。也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时,从句用一般过时。主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.知识点 2. He doesnt know if he
15、 should bring a present.此处 if 表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。Should 此处表示“应该” 。不是虚拟语气。E.g.1. I dont know if I should go to the party.2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .知识点 3.If I were you , Id wear a shirt and tie.if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时,be 动词只能用 were,而不能用 was。E.g. If he were here, he would not agree
16、with you .知识点 4. I dont have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?What if “如果怎么办?”相当于 what would happen ifE.g. What shall I do if it snows?知识点 5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.Trouble 麻烦事 ,名词常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble whats the trouble “if”引导的条件句。Unit5It must be- (肯定是,100%)It might/could be (有可能,20-80%)It cant be (肯定不是 ,0%)程度 肯定句 否定句 疑问句mus