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1、专题十 特殊句式,-2-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1 考查强调句型 高考主要考查强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他.”中的it和that/who。 【典型例题1】(2013重庆卷改编)It was with the help of the local guide the mountain climber was rescued. 解析:句意:正是在当地导游的帮助下,这个登山者才得以获救。去掉It was及设空处后,该句可还原为“The mountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide.”,句
2、子结构及句意依然完整,由此可知,本句为强调句,故填that。 考法总结设空处无提示词,去掉It was及设空处后句子结构及意义仍完整,即可确定题干为强调句,设空处为强调句的连接词,故可得出答案为that。,-3-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题2】(2016天津卷改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists. 解析:第二句句意:长途汽车是在宾馆那里接游客的。本句的被强调部分是at the hotel。故填that。 考法总结强调句的判断方法是将It/is/was与that/w
3、ho去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。经判断“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整,句意明确,故本句是强调句。,-4-,基础考法,能力考法,考法2 考查倒装 在语法填空及短文改错题型中,对倒装句的考查较少,但有可能会考查部分倒装中助动词以及系动词的使用。 【典型例题3】(2013江西卷改编)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness I speak to him again. 解析:句意:只有当他为自己的无礼道歉时,我才会再跟他说话。当“only+状语(从句)”位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,即
4、将助动词提至主语之前。根据句意可以判断,此处应该是对将来事情的叙述。故使用将来时态,因此填will。 考法总结only when位于句子开头,该句可能是部分倒装句式;然后根据句意推测出主句应用一般将来时。,-5-,基础考法,能力考法,考法3 考查其他特殊句式 在语法填空题型中,除了可能考查强调句和倒装句之外,祈使句也可能会考查到,主要考查点有: (1)根据句式特点判断是祈使句还是状语成分。 (2)固定句型:“祈使句(或名词词组)+and/or+陈述句”。 【典型例题4】(2014大纲全国卷改编) (call) me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab r
5、esult. 解析:此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,该句式相当于“if从句+主句”。句意:明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果。故答案为Call。 考法总结and前面的分句没有主语,考虑此处为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,设空处位于句首,因此用动词原形。,-6-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1 熟记句型结构,轻松确定答案 常考的特殊句式都有一定的规律和句式结构,只要平时记住这些规律和特征,便可轻松确定答案。比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.”,其判断方法为:若去掉It is/was和that/who之后,句子仍完整,则题干为强调句。 【典型例题1】(2
6、014湖南卷改编)Its not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy. 解析:句意:使生活变得快乐的不是做喜欢做的事情,而是乐于做我们不得不做的事情。将Its及设空处去掉,题干可还原成:Not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.句子结构及意义依然完整,可判断本句为强调句型。故填that。,-7-,基础考法,能力考法,考法2 巧用还原法,化难为易 对于一些特
7、殊句型,一般情况下,考生可以把它还原为正常句型,如把倒装语序还原为正常语序,把省略句补全等,便能大大降低解题难度。 【典型例题2】At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city. 解析:当介词短语置于句首时,句子应用完全倒装,去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后,还原成正常语序为:An old cottage (lie)at the top of the hill.句意:山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景
8、的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断,此处应用一般现在时。故填lies。,-8-,1.(2016全国卷改编)It could be anything,but whatever it is, (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 2.In the terrorist attack,from the national stadium to the theater,there is a smell of blood in the air. is fear.,make
9、考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中,whatever引导让步状语从句,其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。,So 考查倒装句。句意:在这场恐怖袭击中,从国家体育场到剧院空气中弥漫着血腥味,还有恐惧。根据句意可知,空处应填So,“so+be动词+主语”表示前面所叙述的情况也适用于后者。,-9-,3. seems to be an intense competition among students to enter a key university.,There 考查there be句型。句意:学生们进入重点大学的竞争似乎很激烈。此处考查there be句型。
10、,4.I recently saw a picture of me before my operation,and I know a big job my chief doctor did. 5.It is only when you nearly lose someone you become fully aware of how much you value him.,what 考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知,此处为感叹句,what引起的感叹句的结构为:what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数。故填what。,that 考查强调句。句意:只有当你几乎失去某个人时,你才能充分认识到你是多么在乎
11、他。分析句子结构可知,这是一个强调句,“It is+被强调部分+that”,此处强调时间状语,所以空格处填that。,-10-,6.Beer bottles can be recycled but they need cleaning thoroughly, they?,dont 考查反意疑问句。句意:啤酒瓶可以回收利用,但需要彻底清洗,是不是?根据句子结构判断,此处为反意疑问句,其陈述部分是并列句,附加问句与邻近分句一致,即动词取决于实义动词need。故填助动词dont。,7.The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the part
12、y,nor they allow themselves to be disobeyed.,did 考查倒装句。句意:父母们不允许他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌,也不允许自己的命令不被服从。根据句意可知,这里表示“既不也不”,当否定词nor被放在句首时,该句要用部分倒装;由didnt可知此处应用一般过去时。故填did。,-11-,8. Jason shared his ideas with us,we would have made more progress. 9.It is people wearing “uncomfortable looking” shoes tend to have “
13、calm” personalities,according to the research.,Had 考查倒装句。句意:如果杰森和我们分享了他的想法,我们会取得更大的进步。分析句子结构和根据句意可知,此处考查虚拟语气中的倒装,if虚拟条件句中有had,should,were时,if可省略,从句中的主谓要倒装,这里表示与过去事实相反,所以用Had。,that/who 考查强调句。分析该句结构可知,该句为强调句型“It is.that/who.”,被强调部分为:people wearing “uncomfortable looking” shoes。故填that/who。,-12-,10.On t
14、op of the hill (stand) a temple,which dates back to the ages of the Song Dynasty.,stands 考查倒装句。句意:在山顶上有一座寺庙,它始建于宋朝。表示地点的介词短语位于句首,句子要完全倒装;句子主语是a temple,故stand要用第三人称单数形式。,-13-,1.It was Susans guidance which made me a better speaker and full of confidence. 2.As the proverb says,“Where there has a will,
15、theres a way.” 3.Thank you,Tom.But could you tell me where it was you found my wallet?,whichthat 考查强调句。分析句子结构可知,本句是一个强调句,被强调部分是“Susans guidance”,指物,故将which改为that。,hasis 考查there be句型。句意:正如谚语所说,“有志者,事竟成”。本处应用there be句型,根据a will可知,应将has改为is。,was后加that 考查强调句。句意:谢谢你,汤姆。但是你能告诉我你是在哪里找到我的钱包的吗?分析句子结构可知,后一句中用
16、了特殊疑问句的强调句。,-14-,4.What surprising it is that Bill shouldnt realize what has happened! 5.Only when I walked into the classroom and took out the books I realize that I had left the English book at home.,WhatHow 考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知surprising为形容词,故此处应用how引起感叹句,故将What改为How。,books后加did 考查倒装句及时态。句意:直到我走进教室拿出书我才意识到我把英语书落在家里了。“Only+状语从句”置于句首时,主句需用部分倒装形式;再根据题干中的“had left”可以推断出应该用一般过去时,故在books后加did。,-15-,
