《VI 胚层发育与器官系统发生(I)-医学资料》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《VI 胚层发育与器官系统发生(I)-医学资料（62页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Developmental Biology,Chapter 6: Development of the vertebrate germ layers and organogenesis (I),Development of the vertebrate germ layers and organogenesis,1 Development of the vertebrate germ layers 1.1 Ectoderm 1.2 Paraxial and intermediate mesoderm 1.3 Lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm 2 Devel
2、opment of the nervous system 2.1 The specification of neural cell ( neuron or glial cell) identity 2.2 Migration of neurons and the guided outgrowth of axons toward their target cells 2.3 Synapse formation and refinement,3 The limb development 3.1 Formation of the limb bud and limb outgrowth 3.2 Gen
3、eration of the proximal-distal axis of the limb 3.3 Specification of the anterior-posterior limb axis 3.4 Generation of the dorsal-ventral axis 3.5 Coordinating the three axes 3.6 Development of the digits 4 Formation of internal organs, blood vessels, lungs, kindney, heart, and teeth (Option),Devel
4、opment of the vertebrate germ layers and organogenesis,Development of the vertebrate germ layers and organogenesis,1 Development of the vertebrate germ layers 1.1 Ectoderm 1.2 Paraxial and intermediate mesoderm 1.3 Lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm 2 Development of the nervous system 2.1 The speci
5、fication of neural cell ( neuron or glial cell) identity 2.2 Migration of neurons and the guided outgrowth of axons toward their target cells 2.3 Synapse formation and refinement,Major derivatives of the ectoderm germ layer,dorsal,ventral,Major derivatives of the ectoderm germ layer,dorsal,ventral,M
6、ajor derivatives of the mesoderm germ layer,The major function of the embryonic endoderm is to construct the linings of two tubes within the vertebrate body,The digestive tube and its derivatives (liver, gallbladder, and pancreas),The major function of the embryonic endoderm is to construct the lini
7、ngs of two tubes within the vertebrate body,The respiratory tube,The digestive tube and its derivatives (liver, gallbladder, and pancreas),Development of the germ layers and organogenesis,1 Development of the germ layers 1.1 Ectoderm 1.2 Paraxial and intermediate mesoderm 1.3 Lateral plate mesoderm
8、and endoderm 2 Development of the nervous system 2.1 The specification of neural cell ( neuron or glial cell) identity 2.2 Migration of neurons and the guided outgrowth of axons toward their target cells 2.3 Synapse formation and refinement,Development of the nervous system,The nervous system is the
9、 most complex of all the organ systems in the animal embryo. In mammals, for example, billions of nerve cells, or neurons, develop a highly organized pattern of connections, creating the neuronal network that makes up the functioning brain and the rest of the nervous system. The nervous system conta
10、ins many hundreds of different types of neurons, varying in sizes, shapes and functions. The nervous system can only function properly if the neurons are correctly connected to one another, thus a central question in nervous system development is how the connections between neurons with each other a
11、nd with other target cells develop with the appropriate specificity.,Development of the nervous system,Neurons connect with each other and with other target cells, such as muscle, at specilized junctions known as synapses（突触）. A neuron receives input from other neurons through its highly branched de
12、ndrites, and generate a nerve impulse at the cell body. This nerve impulse is then conducted along the axon to the axon terminal, which makes a synapse with the dendrites or cell body of another neuron or with the surface of a muscle cell. The dendrites and axon terminals of individual neurons can b
13、e extensively branched, and a single neuron in the CNS can receive as many as 100,000 different input.,Development of the nervous system,Development of the nervous system involve neuronal cell differentiation, morphogenesis, and migration The overall process of nervous-system development can be divi
14、ded up into four major stages: The specification of neural cell (neuron or glial cell) identity The migration of neurons and the outgrowth of axons to their targets The formation of synapses between neurons with each other and with other tragets, such as muscle etc The refinement of synaptic connect
15、ions through the elimination of axon branches and cell death,Development of the germ layers and organogenesis,1 Development of the germ layers 1.1 Ectoderm 1.2 Paraxial and intermediate mesoderm 1.3 Lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm 2 Development of the nervous system 2.1 The specification of neur
16、al cell ( neuron or glial cell) identity 2.2 Migration of neurons and the guided outgrowth of axons toward their target cells 2.3 Synapse formation and refinement,Development of the germ layers and organogenesis,1 Development of the germ layers 1.1 Ectoderm 1.2 Paraxial and intermediate mesoderm 1.3 Lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm 2 Development of the nervous system 2.1 The specification of neural cell ( neuron or glial cell) identity 2.2 Migration of neurons and the guided outgrow
