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1、Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx nInjury to the larynx is uncommon. nThe inferior projection of the mandible affords significant protection from anterior blows. nPosteriorly, the larynx is protected by the rigid cervical spine. Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx nWithin the nec
2、k there are some elements necessary to connect and coordinate the head with the body. nInjury to the neck can disrupt any of these vital functions and may involve bony, soft tissue, vascular, and CNS elements. Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx nAlthough many associated injuries may appear
3、 more impressive, correct management of the neck injury with immediate attention to securing the airways is always the first priority. Injuries of the larynx Injuries of the larynx n Classification External laryngeal trauma： closed injury contusion, crush injury open injury incised wound, stab wound
4、, burst wound，bullet trauma. Internal laryngeal injury： burn of the larynx, intubation Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx n n Closed injuries of the larynxClosed injuries of the larynx nCauses： ndirect attack nindustrial accident ntraffic accident Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the lary
5、nx nAnterior blunt injuries are most commonly the result of motor vehicle accidents. Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx nMandatory seat belt laws nlower speed limits nbetter education regarding drunk driving nthe use front seat air bags may reduce this accident ! Injuries of the larynxInju
6、ries of the larynx nClothesline injuries occur when the rider of a motorcycle encounters a fixed horizontal object, such as a clothesline. nThis type of injury imparts a large amount of energy over a relatively small area, resulting in massive trauma. Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx nSt
7、rangulation injuries occur from manual compression or from attempted suicides by hanging. nThese injures may later be associated with marked edema of the larynx and resultant loss of airway. Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx nClosed injuries of the larynx nSymptoms： ndyspnea, dysphagia, s
8、ore throat, tenderness of the larynx, hoarseness, hemoptysis and shock Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx nClosed injuries of the larynx nPhysical exam：swelling, ecchymosis, subcutaneous emphysema (crepitus) nLayngoscopy：edema, malformation of the glottis, disturbance of the vocal mobility
9、 Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx nClosed injuries of the larynx nTreatment： In a patient with major laryngeal injury, the first priority is to establish an airway. If the patient has dyspnea, emergent tracheotomy or cricothyroidotomy should be performed. Injuries of the larynxInjuries o
10、f the larynx nClosed injuries of the larynx nTreatment： If the patient is breathing well and the injury does not require surgical care, observation without tracheotomy may be indicated. Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx nClosed injuries of the larynx nTreatment： Antibiotics and corticoste
11、roid can be useful if administered soon after injury. Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx nClosed injuries of the larynx nTreatment： Repair of laryngeal cartilage is indicated if multiple or displaced fracture of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage happened. Injuries of the lary
12、nxInjuries of the larynx nClosed injuries of the larynx nTreatment： Feeding via nasogastric tube is necessary. Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx n n Incised wound, stab woundIncised wound, stab wound nPenetrating wound of the larynx usually accompany the injury of the major vessels of the
13、 neck Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx n n Incised wound, stab woundIncised wound, stab wound nCauses: fight, traffic accident, explosion， gunshot Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx n n Incised wound, stab woundIncised wound, stab wound nSymptoms: bleedingshock dyspnea dysphagi
14、a subcutaneous emphysema hoarseness Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx n n Incised wound, stab woundIncised wound, stab wound nTreatment Control the bleeding, antishock, maintain the airway the first priority disinfect and clean the wound, repair the damages, laryngeal stenting nasogastric
15、 tube feeding Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx n n Burn of the larynxBurn of the larynx n n The burn of the larynx is usually associated The burn of the larynx is usually associated with burns to the closed areas and other parts with burns to the closed areas and other parts of the body. of the body. nCauses：inspirationhot air, fume, toxic gas, steam etc. by accident swallow strong acid and alkali. Injuries of the larynxInjuries of the larynx n n Burn of the larynxBurn of the larynx nClinical manifestations: n mild cases: injury limited to the glottic and
