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1、石河子大学 硕士学位论文 新疆教育差异对经济发展影响的实证研究 姓名：李翠华 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：统计学 指导教师：何剑 20100601 I 摘 要 在当今的知识经济时代，人力资源的开发对经济发展的作用越来越重要，而人力资源的开发离 不开教育。新疆教育发展水平总体比较落后，区域差异、城乡差异等问题比较严重，给经济的发展 带来诸多阻碍。因此教育的发展和创新刻不容缓。本文在已有研究的基础上，分别从区域差异、城 乡差异、投资效益差异等各个层面，对新疆教育差异对经济发展的影响进行分析研究，并根据研究 结果提出相应的对策建议，为政府制定相关政策提供科学根据。 论文首先利用面板数据分析的方法研究了
2、新疆区域教育差异对经济发展的影响。研究表明新疆 不同地州教育的发展水平对当地经济的发展有影响：其它因素不变的情况下，一个地区生师比越高， 其教育发展水平相对越低，对当地的经济的发展有阻碍作用；而一个地区万人拥有毕业生数越多， 其教育发展水平相对较高，可以促进当地经济的发展。据此提出新疆应加大落后地州的教育投入和 吸引优秀教师到落后地区任教等对策建议，以促进经济的协调发展。 其次，使用协整检验的方法研究了新疆城乡教育差距对经济发展的影响。研究得到新疆城乡教 育与经济发展水平差距很大，新疆城乡教育的差异与城乡经济发展差距之间存在长期的均衡关系。 前期城乡平均受教育年限比每增加 1 个单位，城乡居民
3、人均收入比会增加 1.9599 个单位。为缩小城 乡教育差距、促进城乡教育与经济协调发展，提出加大农村教育的投入和提高农村教育的质量等对 策建议。 再次，分别从政府和个人两个角度对新疆的教育投资效益进行了分析。利用劳动函数变形所得 模型对教育的政府投资效益进行分析；通过发放调查问卷获取数据，用明瑟函数法来研究新疆教育 的个人投资效益。分析得到：新疆教育的政府投资收益较高，教育投资的收益率为 0.1505，即在其 他要素投入不变的情况下，公共教育资本增加 1%将导致国内生产总值增加 0.15%；同时新疆教育的 个人投资收益很低，个人每增加一年受教育时间，收入增长仅为 1.7%，即新疆个人受教育时
4、间每变 化 1%，收入增加为 0.13%。因此，为实现收益最大化，在积极引导个人教育投资的同时，新疆应着 重加大政府教育投资的力度、提高教育经费的使用效率等，以促进经济的更好发展。 本文的创新之处为：从多个角度研究新疆教育差异与经济发展的关系，有助于更深入和全面地 认识这一问题；另外对教育的投资效益从政府和个人两个方面进行分析，并通过对比得出新疆教育 投资效益的实际状况，为政府制定更好的引导政策提供科学依据。 关键词：关键词：教育差异；平均受教育年限；投资效益；经济发展 II Abstract On this knowledge economy age, the exploitation of
5、 human resource plays a more and more important role in economic development, and the exploitation of human resource cant work out education. The development of Xinjiangs education relatively drops behind. The regional differences and urban-rural differences in education and other issues bring about
6、 a number of obstacles in the economic development. Therefore the educational development and innovation are imperative. On the basis of existing research this paper studies the impact of educational differences on economy respectively from the aspects of regional differences, urban-rural difference
7、s and differences in investment returns. And corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are given to provide scientific basis for the governments making policies. Firstly, we analyze the impact that differences in regional education have on economic development with the method of panel data analy
8、sis. Studies show that the development of education affects the local economic development to a certain extent in Xinjiang. Other factors unchanged, the higher the student-teacher ratio in a region, the lower relatively the educational development level, and this hinders the development of local eco
9、nomic development. And a few more graduates that ten-thousand people own in a state, the higher the level of educational development, it can promote better development of the local economy. Then countermeasures and proposals such as enlarge educational input of behindhand areas and attract qualitive
10、 teachers to work in undeveloped areas are given for accelerating economic development in Xinjiang. Secondly, we study the impact that urban and rural educational differences have on economic development in Xinjiang through cointegration analysis. Research shows that there is a disparity in educatio
11、nal and economic development between urban and rural areas in Xinjiang, and there is long time equilibrium in educational and economic development between urban and rural areas. The prior period schooling ratio increase one unit will lead 1.9599 unit increases in the ratio of urban and rural areas i
12、ncome. Policy proposals are given to coordinate the development of urban and rural education and economy in Xinjiang, for example, enlarge the input of rural education, and improve the quality of rural education. Thirdly, we analyze investment returns in education of Xinjiang respectively from the a
13、spects of government and individual. In which we use a deformation of the labor function as model in the study of government investment returns in education. And we obtain data of individual investment returns through the issuance of questionnaires, and study the issue with the Mincer Function metho
14、d. The conclusions are: compared with other districts of the nation, government investment returns in education is higher relatively in Xinjiang，yields of 0.1505, that is, in condition that other factors input unchanged, public education capital increase of 1% will lead to gross domestic product inc
15、rease of 0.15%. It means that the government increase investment in education is to increase revenue. While individual investment returns in education is very low, individual time of education for each additional year, income growth is only 1.7%. Therefore, in III order to achieve maximum gains, whi
16、le guiding individuals actively to invest in education the government should pay more attention to enlarging the educational investment in Xinjiang, and improve the efficient of educational investment to develop education for promoting better economic development. The innovations in this article are as follows: firstly we study the relationship between educational differences and economic development of Xinjiang from several angles,
