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1、高三英语阅读理解细节题专项突破（六）AWhen you stand in front of a mirror, you know who youre looking at. Capuchin monkeys have a different experience, a recent study discovered. When they see themselves in a mirror, theyre just not exactly sure what it is.Scientists define an animal as “self-aware” if it touches a pa
2、inted spot on its own face when it looks in a mirror. People start to recognize themselves in this way at the age of two. Most monkeys, on the other hand, ignore the markings on their faces. They just dont understand that the image in the mirror is their own.ZXTo find out whether capuchins are self-
3、aware, psychologist (心理学家) Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta and his colleagues studied eight female and six male monkeys that live at a research center in Georgia.Each capuchin entered a test room, where it faced three different situations. In the first situation, the monkey saw an unfam
4、iliar monkey of the same sex on the other side of a glass barrier. In the second one, the capuchin saw a monkey of the same sex that it was familiar with. Finally, it met its own reflection in a mirror behind a screen.When monkeys saw other monkeys that they already knew, they didnt do much. When sh
5、own an unfamiliar monkey, males made threatening gestures. These were all natural reactions.When the monkeys saw their own reflections, however, something strange happened. Females looked into their own eyes and acted friendly. Males also made more eye contact with their reflections than they did wi
6、th the animals in the other two situations. Unlike females, though, they tried to escape the room, and otherwise acted confused. “The study shows that capuchins have some self-awareness,” Frans de Waal concludes. They dont quite see the image as another monkey, nor do they see it as themselves.1. Fr
7、om the passage we know capuchin monkeys _.A. are able to make use of the mirror.B. arent interested in using mirrors.C. are a little self-aware.D. dont like mirrors at all.2. What is the purpose of the experiment?A. To see if the monkeys can recognize their own images in the mirror.B. To know how di
8、fferent sexes of monkeys like each other.C. To find out how male and female monkeys act together.D. To see whether the monkeys like themselves or not in the mirror.BExposure to nuclear radiation leads to an increase in male births relative to female births, according to a new study by Hagen Scherb a
9、nd Kristina Voigt from the Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen. Their work shows that radiation from atomic bomb testing, the Chernobyl （切尔诺贝利） nuclear power plant accident, and from living near nuclear facilities, has had a long-term negative effect on the male-female birth ratio. (男女出生性别比)The German scientis
10、ts analyzed population data from 1945 to 2007 for the U.S. and 39 European countries. There was an increase in the number of baby boys relative to girls in all of the countries from 1945 to 1975. This was the case in many eastern European countries for several years after 1986. Scientists are puttin
11、g the first boom down to atmospheric bursts as a result of the atomic bomb tests of the 1940s and 1970s where radioactive atoms were burst into the atmosphere. Air currents caught these atoms and then distributed them around the world. They think the second boom is due to the 1986 on-the-ground inci
12、dent - Chernobyl disaster - in which the reactor exploded in the Ukraine（乌克兰）. The effects of Chernobyl were felt locally and no effect was seen in the U.S., probably because it was too far from the disaster to have an effect. “The closer the country was to Chernobyl, the stronger the effect,” said
13、study co-author Hagen Scherb, a biostatistician（生物统计学家） at the German Research Center for Environmental Health in Munich. More males were born relative to females in Belarusthe Ukraines neighbourthan in France. The study is based largely on Cold War-era statistics, but the findings are highly releva
14、nt for how gender could be affected after future nuclear disasters. And in the wake of Japans Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident experts are predicting another baby boy boom could be on the way, especially on the U.S. West Coast. Previous radiation experiments on animals may give a clue
15、for the increase in male births. Tests showed that radiation caused damage to the X chromosome（染色体） in sperm, Dr Scherb said. A human sperm cell contains either an X or Y chromosome, while an egg only has an X chromosome. An XY combination will become a boy, while an XX combination will be a girl. .
16、3What can infer from the passage? A. Japans recent nuclear accident will have little effect on the U.S. East Coast. B. There was a sharp increase in the number of baby boys in France after 1986. C. The atomic bombs exploded in Japan in 1945 couldnt have affected the U.S. .D. Where radiation has spread recently, women can not give birth to baby girls. 4How does radiation influence the male-fe
