《(全国通用)高中英语 语法复习讲义+训练 代词》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《(全国通用)高中英语 语法复习讲义+训练 代词(18页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、高中英语语法复习讲义代词一、概说代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词等九类。二、人称代词1. 人称代词的用法。人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格,如I, you, he, she, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格,如me, you, him, her, us, them等):He loves her, but she hates him. 他爱她,但她却讨厌他。注:(1) 在口语中,当人称代词用作表语、用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时,可以用宾语:“Who is it?” “
2、Its me.” “是谁呀?”“是我。”He sings better than me. 他比我唱得好。He is as tall as her. 他和她一样高。Its me who did it. 这是我干的。但是,若than, as 后的人称代词后跟有动词,则必须用主格:He sings better than I do. / He is as tall as she is.(2) 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格:“Im tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个?”“我要。”(3) 有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变
3、化:I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you.之略。I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than he likes him.之略。2. 人称代词的排序:(1) 人称代词的排列顺序为:单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列,即you, he and I;复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列,即 we, you and they:You, he and I are of the same age. 你,他和我都是同一年龄。We ,
4、 you and they are all good citizens. 我们,你们和他们都是好公民。但若是用于承担责任或错误等场合,则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前:I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。比较:Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。但是,you and I 是固定结构,语序通常不宜颠倒。(2) 在通常情况下,人称代词在句子中出现在它所代替的名词之后,即先出现名词,再出现相应的代词。但是,在书面语中,有时也可出现代词,后出现代词所代替的名词:As soon as it had hopped off, the
5、 plane picked up speed. 飞机刚一起飞,就加了速。(比较:As soon as the plane had hopped off, it picked up speed.)3. 人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语:These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。三、物主代词1. 物主代词的用法。物主代词分形容
6、词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语:His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家This is your pen. Min
7、e is in the box. 这是你的铅笔,我的在铅笔盒里。注:可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs),但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, theirs),但是“名词+of it”有时可用来代替“its+名词”,如 its price 也可说成 the price of it。2. 物主代词与own 连用。为了强调,有时可在物主代词后加上own一词:Mind your own business. 别管闲事。I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼看到的。
8、有可用 of ones own 置于名词后作定语:I hope to have a room of my own. / I hope to have my own house. 我希望有自己的房子。3. 使用物主代词注意点和易错点:(1) 要注意英语与汉语使用物主代词的差异。汉语说“我校”,说成英语应是my school,而不能是 I school;汉语说“他妈”,说成英语应是his mother,而不能是 he mother;同样地,汉语说“你先生”,说成英语应是your husband,而不能是 you husband。另外,有些在英语中必用的物主代词在汉语中往往无需表达,如:听到这个消息
9、,他摇了摇头。误:Hearing the news he shook head.正:Hearing the news he shook his head.汉语通常只说“摇头”,不说“摇某人的头”,而英语则说 shake ones head。(2) 有时按汉语习惯似乎应用物主代词,而英语却要用人称代词:这个学期谁教我们的英语?误:Who will teach our English this term?正:Who will teach us English this term?English 作为一个表示语言的名词,其前不能用物主代词,除非它表示的是使用英语的水平或能力,如可说 My Engli
10、sh is poor. 我的英语(水平)不行。类似地,不能说 He teaches my physics,但可以说 My physics is good。(3) 不要受相似结构和短语的影响而用错物主代词。如lose heart 与 lose ones heart,两者仅差一个物主代词,意思截然不同:前者意为“灰心”、“泄气”;后者意为“爱上”、“钟情于”;又如 haveon ones mind(为担忧,把挂在心上)与keepbearin mind(记住,把记在心里),两者结构相似,但一个用物主代词,一个不用物主代词。四、反身代词1. 反身代词的基本形式。反身代词是 oneself根据所指词的人
11、称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。2. oneself与himself。当one指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself:One should not praise oneself himself. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。3. 反身代词的句法功能:(1) 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末):The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重
12、。You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。(2) 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。(3) 用作表语:The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神
13、处于正常状态:Im not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。Ill be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。(4) 用作主语。在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部),以及用于某些特殊结构(如as.as等):My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。Jims sister and himself get up at six every day.
14、吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。五、相互代词1. 相互代词的形式与用法。英语的相互代词只有each other和one another,它们在句中通常只用作宾语:We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。The sea and the sky seem to melt into each other. 大海和蓝天似乎融为一体。2. 使用相互代词注意点:(1) 相互代词在句中通常只用作宾语,不可用作主语,所以以相互代词为宾语
15、的句子不能变为被动语态。(2) 不要将相互代词误认为是副词,将其用作状语,如可说 talk to each other,但不能说 talk each other。(3) 相互代词可以有所有格形式:The students borrowed each others notes. 学生们互相借笔记。They looked into each others eyes for a silent moment. 他们默默地对视了一会儿。(4) 有时可分开用:We each know what the other thinks. 我们都知道对方的想法。Each tried to persuade the other to stay at home. 每个人都设法想说服对方留在家里。(5) 有人认为,each other用于两者,one another用于三者,但在现代英语中两者常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。六、指示代词1. 指示代词的用法。指示代词(this, that, these, those)在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语:This is yours and that is mine. 这是你的,那是我的。I want this book, not that book. 我要这本书,不是那本书。I like these and he