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1、. . .高中英语定语从句详解. 概念：(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在从句中作主语，宾语，whose定语)常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 whereT
2、he student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。. 几个关系代词的基本用法：that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom
3、；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?2. You can take anything ( that) you like. 3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.5. Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to
4、be before.which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指
5、人whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。1. I like the students who/that work hard. 2. All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)3. Hes a man from whom we should learn. = Hes a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.5. I
6、d like a room whose window faces south. =Id like a room of which the window faces south. =Id like a room the window of which faces south.关系代词作介词宾语： （介词+ whom / which）关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） 1. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (
7、that/which) you asked for.2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?5. This is the girl whom they are looking
8、after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)如为限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as；so as等结构中。如：1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。2. .-Why didnt you mention that in face of the police just now?
9、- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. 3. Dont do such things as you are not sure about. 比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in. Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone th
10、at no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为正如，这一点。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . (as 作宾语)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health . （as 作主语）=Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health .
11、=Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we all know .（as 作宾语）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子). 关系副词引导的定语从句:When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）He came last night when I was out.We will
12、put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行词为时间名词，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语） 3. I shall
13、 never forget the day when Shen Zhou was launched, which has a great effect on my life.Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 注意：先行词是地点名词，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that
14、在从句中作主语或宾语。 比较: 1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.3. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where hes likely to lose control of the plane.4. This is the park which/that they visited la
15、st year. （作宾语）Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.2. I dont believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语） 3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）当先行词为way时，the way在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。the way在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.比较: Pleas
