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1、PEC环境工程英语证书考试-实用术语解释Solid WasteMostly the solid debris from households, industries and construction. It does contain some liquids, some gases, and some infectious materials from house bound ill persons.Sanitary LandfillA disposal technique resulting in burial of the waste using an engineered method
2、intended to protect the environment, typically employing plastic liners and drains on the bottom to collect liquids and covers on the top to keep rain water out and to keep methane and other gases from escaping. See also Landfill.LeachateThe juice from garbage, usually, but not always, in alandfill.
3、 May be caused by water washing through and dissolving things or may be part of the original liquids that were in the garbage.NIMBYNotInMyBackYard. In other words, an attitude that says: Not near my house!TCLPTest Similar to the EP Tox Test referred to elswhere in this glossary. The Acronym stands f
4、orToxicCharacteristicsLeachingProcedure.Tipping FloorThe flat surface on which the arriving trash trucks dump their loads of solid waste at an incinerator.Transfer StationA place, usually a building, where smaller route trucks unload their garbage so that it can be transferred into large, over-the-r
5、oad semi-tractor trailer trucks or special trains for long trips to the landfill or other disposal point.Integrated Solid Waste ManagementA management system that uses several techniques such as composting, recycling, incineration, landfilling, and education to dispose of and/or minimize solid waste
6、.Tipping FeeThe fee charged to dump at an incinerator, transfer station, or landfill.White GoodsUnwanted appliances, such as washing machines, stoves, etc., very often white. It also includes other such waste metals as fencing, swing sets, buckets, etc.EP Tox TestExtractionProcedureToxicity Test. Th
7、e test required by USEPA for the testing of waste materials to determine if they are Hazardous. It was meant to simulate the acid conditions and leaching that would naturally occur in asanitary landfill. It is generally agreed that the test, as presently configured, does not accurately simulate a sa
8、nitary landfill; it is far too aggressive (too acid).SludgeThe watery bio-solids removed from wastewater during treatment. Does not include the solids that were screened out of the wastewater as it came into the wastewater plant. Sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants (with good industria
9、l oversight programs to minimize metals) is very good for farm soil. Sludge from industrial water treatment may, or may not, be good for farm soil. Horticulturists would need to make that determination individually because these industrial sludges can be very different.Fabric FiltersA device which u
10、ses fabric to remove particles from flue gas. See also Bag House.Flue GasThe exhaust gases from a combustion process contained for a time in the flue.Fly AshSolid particles that literally fly out of the combustion process. Often called particulate.Hazardous WasteWastes defined as hazardous by law. M
11、ost such waste is only hazardous if mis-managed. Such terms can lead to public concern or complacence if not used with care. Regular municipal solid waste can be a hazard to health and the environment if left unmanaged.Infectious WasteSolid wastefrom doctors offices and hospitals. Most states have l
12、egal definitions which need to be considered. Such definitionsexclude as well asinclude, so the result is not always as expected. For example, all municipalities have some ill and homebound people which renders all municipal solid waste potentially infectious. Further, most legal definitions of infe
13、ctious waste exclude the small quantity generator, ie small doctors offices even the offices of large doctors, perhaps, and thus the waste from such offices is mixed in with the regular municipal solid waste.Allmunicipal solid waste is potentially infectious. Always has been.LitterWaste not managed.
14、Mass BurnA type of incineration that requires virtually no pre-processing. The mixed municipal refuse is burned as is - generally everything that is no larger than a bread box.ParticulateTiny pieces (particles) which are suspended in the smoke or exhaust from any process. See fly ash.PICsProducts of
15、 Incomplete Combustion, ie carbon monoxide (CO2) and other compounds.POCsPrimary Organic Constituent. A term usually applied to Hazardous Waste combustion situations, not a municipal waste concern.DensitySolid waste has many different densities, all valid. Loose, in a Dumpster container for example,
16、 it weighs 100 - 250 lbs. per cubic yard. Squashed into a modern route truck it weighs from 400 lbs. to 800 lbs. per cubic yard. Crushed and compacted into a modern landfill it can weigh more than 1000 lbs per cubic yard. Incinerator ashes in an ash monofill weigh approximately 1 ton per cubic yard.Lime, Hydrated
