《（VR虚拟现实）基于AVR单片机的炉温监测监控系统设计》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（VR虚拟现实）基于AVR单片机的炉温监测监控系统设计（69页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、华北科技学院毕业设计基于AVR单片机的炉温监测监控系统设计总说明：温度是工业对象中主要的被控参数之一，象冶金、机械、食品、化工各类工业中，广泛使用的各种加热炉、热处理炉、反应炉等，对工件的处理温度要求严格控制。随着电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展，微机测量和控制技术得到了迅速的发展和广泛的应用，温度控制的手段也越来越优越，单片机因具有处理能力强、运行速度快、功耗低等优点，尤其在温度测量与控制方面，控制简单方便，测量范围广，精度较高，得到了广泛应用。该系统设计了以AVR单片机为控制核心的炉温监测监控系统。选择DS18B20作为温度传感器，实时监测低温电阻炉温度；基于交流触发器和晶闸管触发电路的混合
2、控制，达到快速准确调节温度。设计了硬件原理图，并详细论述了各个硬件组成部分的工作原理，以及各部分所使用的元器件。将其应用于电加热炉温度控制系统的智能控制系统，满足了温度控制稳定性的要求，减少了操作人员的劳动量和带来的人为误差，提高了产品的热处理质量。本基于AVR单片机的炉温监测监控系统设计的总体方案包括：一、温度监测系统的硬件电路设计；二、系统软件的设计；三、PID控制器的设计。首先是温度传感器的选择。目前常用的测温传感器分模拟和数字两种方式：模拟方式如热敏元件或热电阻等；数字方式多采用智能芯片DS18B20。模拟方式有很多小足。相比之下数字式比模拟式有更大的优势。新代数字温度传感器DS18B
3、20其优点是：电压适用范围宽；单线接口数据传输方式；支持组网实现多点测温；测温范围宽、精度高、体积小、外围电路简单等。本系统选择的温度传感器就是DS18B20，系统开始工作时，DS18B20采集温度信号并将信号送到单片机中，再将对应的温度送显示并保存数据信息，同时单片机会根据初始化所设置的温度进行比较，将其差值送PID控制器，处理后输出一定数值的控制量，根据控制量，控制晶闸管主回路的导通时间来调节输入功率，从而控制电阻丝的发热量，达到控制温度的目的。其次，是外围硬件电路的设计，外围硬件电路包括温度检测、晶闸管触发电路、键盘及LCD显示电路、晶振电路，复位电路、报警电路等。本次设计选择AVR单片
4、机型号为ATmega8 ，ATmega8是一款采用低功耗CMOS工艺生产的基于AVR RISC结构的8位单片机。根据单片机的I/O口设计硬件电路，合理分配I/O接口，电路设计简洁、直观，成本低廉，温度测量准确。第三，系统软件设计。系统的软件是根据系统功能要求来设计的。软件按功能可分为两类，一类是执行软件，它能完成各种实际性的功能，如温度测量、计算、显示、输出控制等；另一类是监控软件，它是专门、用来协调各种执行模块和操作者的关系，充当组织调度角色。第四，PID控制器的设计。一个控制系统包括控制器、传感器、变送器、执行机构、输入输出接口。控制器的输出经过输出接口、执行机构，加到被控系统上；控制系统
5、的被控量，经过传感器，变送器，通过输入接口送到控制器。在工程实际中，应用最为广泛的调节器控制规律为比例、积分、微分控制，简称PID控制，又称PID调节。PID控制器问世至今已有近70年历史，它以其结构简单、稳定性好、工作可靠、调整方便而成为工业控制的主要技术之一。PID控制是由P, I, D三个环节的不同组合而成。其基本组成原理比较简单，参数的物理意义也比较明确。本次设计的是以温度为被控制量的闭环控制系统，检测模块作为闭环的反馈实时检测温度，经过放大处理后将信号传送给单片机，经过处理后，一方面送与系统温度设定值相比较，通过PID算法控制温度达到所需值，以达到更准确的温度控制。关键词：AVR单片
6、机；DS18B20；PID控制；温度检测与控- V -华北科技学院毕业设计The Furnace Temperature Monitoring System of AVR SCMGeneral introduction:Temperature is one of the main controlled parameters in industrial objects. All kinds of heating furnace, heat treatment furnace and radiators are widely used in the industry likes metallurg
7、y, machinery, food and chemical industry, etc. Its strictly controlled in the requirements of processing temperature. As the development of electronic technology and computer technology, computer measurement as well as the control technology obtains a rapid development and widespread application. Mo
8、rever, the means of temperature control gets more and more superior. SCM gets a wide range of applications for the advantages of strong handling ability, fast running speed, low power consumption. Apart from this, the simple and convenient controlling, range measuring and high accuracy in temperatur
9、e measurement and control makes it more and more popular.Using AVR SCM as the core, the article designs a furnace temperature monitoring system. It chooses DS18B20 as the temperature sensor to monitor the low temperature resistance furnace temperature. Based on the mix control of communication trigg
10、er and grain brake canal trigger circuit, it achieves the purpose of fast and accurate temperature adjustment. The article designs a hardware principle diagram to illustrate the working principle of all parts of the hardware and each branch of the components. Applying into the intelligent electric h
11、eating temperature control system, it meets the requirements of the temperature control stability, reduces the amounts of operators and human error, improves the product quality of heat treatment, eic.The overall design of AVR SCM Furnace temperature monitoring system includes the following three pa
12、rts: the hardware circuit design of the temperature monitoring system, the design of the system software as well as the design of PID controller.First,the choice of temperature sensor. In nowadays, the common temperature sensor has two ways, one is analog and the other is digital. For example, the e
13、mperature sensing elements and heat resistance belong to the analog way, and the digital one is mainly using intelligent chip DS18B20. Compared to the analog way, digital way has much more advantages, likes the Wide application scope of voltage, One interface data transmission, Multi-point, wide rag
14、e, high precision, small volume and simple peripheral circuit temperature measurement, etc. The temperature sensor chosen by the system is DS18B20. After the operating of the system, DSI8B20 collectes the temperature signal and sends it to the chip, after that, it displays the corresponding temperat
15、ure and stores the data. At the same time, SCM will compare the real temperature with the initial set one and send the difference to the PID controller to get a output of a certain amount of control volume. And according to the control volume, it controls the thyristor circuit conduction time to adj
16、ust the input power and controls the calorific value of the resistance wire, aims to control the temperature.Second, the design of peripheral hardware circuit. Peripheral hardware circuit includes Temperature detection, Thyristor trigger circuit, Keyboard and LCD display circuit, Crystals circuit, Reset circuit, Alarm circuit, etc. The type of AVR SCM we choose is ATmega8. ATmega8 is an-eight-SCM based on AVR RISC structure, produced by a low power cons
