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1、虚拟语气,1.英语动词有三种语气: 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,虚拟语气定义,虚拟语气的考点 1.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法； 2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4.状语从句中虚拟语气的用法； 5.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法； 6.虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。,一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法,1.一般条件句中的虚拟语气,1. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 2. I
2、f he had been there, it wouldnt have happened. 3. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 4. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6. I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borr
3、ow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,与未来事实可能相反,If I were you, I _ buy the house right now. A. wont B. dont C. wouldnt D. cant 2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. If the captain had been C. Should the captain be D
4、. If the captain would have been 3. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able,B,C,A,2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 条件从句中含有should，were， had 三个助动词可将其放在句首，并把if省略。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If I had ha
5、d time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?,3. 混合(时间错综)型虚拟语气：,假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been
6、finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.,without和but for构成虚拟。,Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. But for water, it would be impossible to li
7、ve in the desert.,4. 含蓄虚拟条件句：,If it were not (had not been) for,5. 虚实结合条件句。 She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. He telephoned me to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. I should have returned the book last week, but I was
8、so busy that I forgot to do so. He could have done the work well, but he was so careless.,真实语气 + otherwise/or + 虚拟语气,虚拟语气 + but + 真实语气,名词从句中虚拟语气的用法,1）wish引导的宾语从句,wish,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时 (did/were),过去完成时 (had done),would/could/might+V.,I wish I were a bird. (现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去)
9、We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来),1. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气,2）表示坚持，命令，要求，建议的动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 四个要求：demand , require, request, desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工
10、作。,We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.,He insisted that I (should) be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be executed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, p
11、roposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,2. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 1）Its essential /necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that - 从句中的动词要用虚
12、拟，即(should)+动词原形,1.It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. 2. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 3. Its necessary that we should study hard.,2）Its a pity/ no wonder + that - 从句中的动词要用虚拟，表示惊讶，遗憾，惋惜等感情色彩，即should+动词原形,1.It is a pity that she should refuse to accept
13、 the offer. 2. It is no wonder that John should have won the game.,名词性从句中的虚拟语气 A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。,考题点击： The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B.
14、 be finished C. should finish D. finish 2. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must have B. had C. have D. had had,B,C,B、主语从句中的虚拟语气 基本句型： It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do It
15、 is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative It is a pity, a shame, no wonder,考题点击： 1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told,D,B
16、,C、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,考题点击： His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try,A,状语从句中虚拟语气的用法,1）as if /as though,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时,He looks as
