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1、09二轮专题1:阅读理解题型专项突破之三推理判断画川高级中学王文华【命题特点】这类题属于主观题,是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案:即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase
2、或综合。【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有:It can be inferred/ concluded that_.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that_.The writer suggests that_.Whats the
3、 authors attitude toward_?The writer probably feels that_.The author uses the examples of. to show that_.判定推理是一种创造性的思维活动,但它并非无章可循。推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,把握文章的真正内涵。要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础;要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从非凡到一般,通过分析、综合、判定等,进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事,断章取义,以偏概全。要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索
4、为依据。立足已知,推断未知。立足现在,猜测未来。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。一、细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。【例题】A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always l
5、ies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks t he native,“Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the i
6、sland he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, He said he lives on the western side of the island.Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?1. According to the messengers answer, the visitor can conclude that_A. The messenger lives on the western side of the islan
7、d because he tells the truth.B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.C. its hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.2. The native
8、 in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.B. He may live on the western side of the island.C. He may be telling the truth.D. He cant be telling the truth.解析: 第
9、1题是推测有关信使(近处的当地人的情况的。我们知道,讲真话的部落住在岛的西部,撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边(东部还是西部。远方的当地人只能有两种情况,要么住在岛的西部,要么住在岛的东部。假如他住在岛的西部,他就是一个讲真话的人,他就会如实回答他住在西部。假如他住在岛的东部,他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部,但在回答时,必须要说谎,他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部,他的回答只有一个:“我住在西部”。假如信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部,信使无疑是说了真话,那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之,假如信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部,那
10、么信使就说了假话,信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。第2题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。从短文提供的信息来看,我们无法判定远方的当地是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部,两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要留意情态动词的语气。A.“他可能住在岛的西部”;B.“他可能住在岛的东部”;C.“他可能讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种情况都是可能的。D.“他不可能讲真话”,语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D。二、因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。When the young waitress near my house started saying hello
11、 to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signedme to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her?1. The writer talked about the wa
12、itress age because he thought_.A. she was youngB. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was beautifulD. it strange for her to fall in love withhim2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A. she lived near his houseB. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be frie
13、ndly with himD. she loved him very much解析:这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员天天向作者示好,作者产生误解,以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊,作者认为女孩爱上他有点希奇。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身,并提到她母亲也是单身,并邀请他与她母亲见面,可见,女孩天天向他问好,目的是想取得他的好感,进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。The entertainment profession or “show business attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can ho
14、pe to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fas
15、hioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “act in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all singers.“Pop stands for “popular and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers tr
