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1、初中 阅读理解 做题技巧,阅读材料,题材： 故事，寓言， 人物，科普，政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理等 体裁： 记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文，新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、书信，图画，表格等,具体考查的内容,1. 推理题 2. 词汇题 3. 主旨题 4. 细节理解题,解题步骤,一、快速阅读，读懂大意 二、明确要求，逐一解答 三、带着问题，重读文章,解题技巧碰碰碰,(一) 推理判断题,推理判断题着重考查学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，设计面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。,知识推断 逻辑推
2、理 细节推断,常见的推理判断题题干,According to the passage，what /which is“”? Which of the following statement is (not) true/correct/mentioned/listed/included? All of the following statements are true /correct/mentioned except.? .It can be inferred from the text that .,1. 知识推断题,知识推断： 根据细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，得出符合文章原义的结论的一
3、种推断方法。,Material 1 Tokyo：Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire（蓝宝石）worth nearly six hundred dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum. “Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition
4、objects, but its different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,” a police said. The jewels was being shown in _. A. an Indian hotel B. an Indian museum C. a Japanese hotel D. a Japanese museum,2. 逻辑结论推断题,逻辑结论： 指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度或观点去理解文章的
5、内涵。,Material 2,My father has little time for films. But one day as he finished his work, he found a film ticket under the glass on the desk. He went to the cinema quickly. When he was seated, a woman came to my father and said the seat was hers. They both took out their tickets and found the seat sh
6、own on them was Row 8,Seat 16. After looking at the ticket more carefully, my father said, “Sorry, its not todays ticket.” From this passage we can know that the writers father was _.,careless,3. 细节推断,为了阐明主题，作者将陈述一些事实来支持主题，如what, who, where, when, 等，即“supporting details”。,Material 3,When the bell wa
7、s ringing. The boys came into the room. Each one had a bat or a ball. All had red faces. They were glad to get into their seats. The teacher said it was time to get back to work. Which of the following sentence is probably true? A. The class was over. B. The boys had just come back from playing. C.
8、The teacher told the boys to work.,B,（二）词汇题及解题技巧,测试学生根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力。 标志是 The underlined word “” in line refers to ,技巧,返回原文，找到该句子 结合上下文，理解该词意思 选项中的正确答案意思与原句完全相同，只是用其他词汇表达 正确答案常蕴藏在原文该词出现前后,1. 通过因果关系猜词,借助关联词(如because，as，since， for，so，thus，as a result，of course， therefore等等),You shouldnt have blamed h
9、im for that，for it wasnt his fault.,猜词题实例,2. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词,1)同义词 and 或 or 连接的词组 e.g. happy and gay 2) 反义词 表转折关系的连词或副词， 如but，while，however, not等 He is so homely，not as handsome as his brother.,3. 通过构词法猜词,1).前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy， fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。,2).后缀- ment表名词，如develop、 develo
10、pment，state、statement， argue、argument等。,3).后缀-er、-or或 -ist表同源名词， 如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor， law、lawyer，wait、waiter， science、scientist，art、artist等。 。,4. 通过定义或释义关系来推测词义,But sometimes, no rain falls for a long， long time. Then there is a dry period， or drought.,5. 通过句法功能来推测词义,Bananas，oranges，
11、pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.,6. 通过描述猜词,The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.,（三）主旨题及解题技巧,主旨要义 整体理解 概括能力 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。 标志
12、词有： “mainly about； mainly discuss； best title”等。,技巧,找主题句。主题句是归纳文章中心的句子 注意首段和各段第一句话,将其含义连接成一个整体 小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案,常见提问：,1. What is the main idea of this passage? 2. What is the authors main point? 3. What is the subject of this passage? 4.The main purpose of the passage? 5. The title of this passa
13、ge would be _.,Material 1 Good morning. The program today is about music. The word “music” comes from the Greek word “muse”. The Muses are the goddesses of the arts. Music is only one of the arts. It is like the spoken language,but it uses sounds. Todays program brings together music from different
14、corners of the world. Who invented music？ Who sang the first song？ No one knows exactly the answers to these questions. But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyones life.,Babies and young children love to hear people singing to them. When they are a little older, they like to s
15、ing the songs they have heard. When children go to school,their world of music grows. In the middle grades students take music lessons. When they reach high school,they become interested in listening to pop music.,Question： What is the main idea of this passage? To give a complete background to musi
16、c 文章开头就说明今天的节目是关于音乐的，其后的句子都是围绕介绍音乐的。从音乐的起源，形式，作用到全世界的受人喜爱音乐，进行逐一说明。,Material 2,Joshna Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He changed to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a business lawyer in Miami, Florida.,从以上这个段落，我们发现没有一个句子可以单独陈述该段落的主题，那么，作者写这个段落的目的是
