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1、 Linking words Passage 1: The World Food Program, set up in 1963, has three policies: to save lives in times of trouble by sending grains such as rice; to improve nutritional standards and the quality of life in poor countries; to help develop the resources of these countries and to help people with
2、out jobs become independent. How do you feel when reading the passage? The World Food Program, set up in 1963, has three polices: , to save lives in times of trouble by sending grains such as rice; to improve nutritional standards and the quality of life in poor countries; first second, Passage 2: ,
3、 to help develop the resources of these countries and to help people without jobs because independent. and third Do you feel better now when reading it ? Why do you feel better when reading passage 2 ? Because there are some linking words in passage 2: “first; second; and third”. First, second, thir
4、d, finally, now, in the end, etc are time sequence words, which show the order of ideas or actions. They are linking words. Time sequence words(时间顺序关联词语) Links are needed between sentences to connect the ideas of the sentences to each other. Without these links, it is easy for readers to get confuse
5、d. These links help readers work out what is going to happen next in a text. They show reasons and results of doing something. Common expressions that show cause and effect include for one thing, therefore, so, as a result, etc. Cause and effect words (因果关系词语) Reporter: Why did you organize the conc
6、ert? Bob: Well, for one thing, I wanted to raise money for the hungry people. e.g. It rained, therfore the football match was postponed. They are also important links between sentences and introduce an idea that is in contrast to the idea mentioned before. Common examples include however, in contras
7、t, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, etc. Contrasting words (对照关联词语) e.g. He is tired, let me go instead. Many people believe that hunger is only a problem in the developing world. On the contrary, it is a problem all over the world. They introduce additional information. Common expressio
8、ns that show addition include also, on top of , above all, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, etc. Addition words(附加关联词语) e.g. He has made up his mind to go to the countryside, and I also. Also present at the meeting are the president himself and his wife. The task is difficult; besides, t
9、ime presses. first, second, third, finally, now, in the end (They show the order of ideas or actions.) Fill the blanks with proper words from the box above. Do you know how to plant a tree? Discuss the question in pair. _, we need to dig a hole and stand a stick in it. _, we need to put the sapling
10、into the hole and tie the sapling to the stick. _, we need to put the soil back in the hole and water the area. First Second Finally for one thing, therefore, so, as a result (They show reasons and results of doing something.) Reporter: Why did you organize the concert? Bob: Well, _, I want to raise
11、 money for the hungry people. It rained, _, the football match was postponed. therefore for one thing 1. Linking words that draw a conclusion, such as to conclude, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in short, etc. e.g. To conclude, you should eat healthily and exercise if you want to be fit. He
12、re are some more linking words. My son has a good job. My daughter has a good job. In brief, my wife and I do not have to support them financially any longer. 2. Linking words that give an example, such as for example, for instance, in this/that case, etc. e.g. I have always been interested in sport
13、, for instance, when I was at school I was in the swimming, running, and tennis teams. A: Theres no milk in the fridge. B: In that case, Ill drink water instead. 3. Linking words that show differences or similarities, such as likewise, yet, despite, in spite of, etc. e.g. Tom comes home for lunch tw
14、ice a week, and his sister Jane does likewise. I have given her a lot of useful advice, yet she has never taken any. Despite the heavy rain, they left to search for the missing boy. Other linking words linking words that draw a conclusion to conclude, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in short
15、, in brief linking words that give an example for example, in this/that case, for instance, such as linking words that show differences or similarities likewise, yet, despite, in spite of 增补(Addition) in addition moreover furthermore whats more again similarly also next besides finally 比较(Comparison) in the same way likewise similarly equally in comparison just as 转折(Contrast) by contrast in contrast on the
