《八年级英语_（上册）2单元_课件_冀教版》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《八年级英语_（上册）2单元_课件_冀教版（21页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、I. I. 英语时间表达法英语时间表达法 英语时间通常用以下两种方法表达： 1. 直接表达法 A. 用基数词 + oclock来表示整点，注意oclock须用单数，可以 省略。如：eight oclock 八点钟，ten (oclock) 十点钟 B. 用基数词按钟点 + 分钟的顺序直接写出时间。如： eleven-o-five 十一点过五分， six forty六点四十 2. 间接表达法 A. 如果分钟数少于30分钟，可用分钟 + past + 钟点表示，其中 past是介词，意思是“过”。如： twenty past/after four 4:20 eight past/after one
2、 1:08 B. 如果分钟数多于30分钟，可用（60分钟-原分钟数）+ to +（原 钟点数+ 1）表示，其中to是介词，意思是“差”。如： 8:35 可表示为twenty-five to nine 差二十五分钟九点，即八点 三十五。 注：A. 当分钟数是15分钟时，可用名词quarter （一刻钟）表 示。如： 7:15可表示为 a quarter past/after seven， 12:15可表示 为 a quarter past/after twelve B. 当分钟数是30分钟时，可用名词half （一半）表示。如： 9:30 可表示为 half past nine，3:30可表示为
3、 half past three。 C. 若想表明是上午，可在时间后加上am或a.m.。如： thirteen past six a.m. （上午六点十三分）等。若想表明 是下午，可在时间后加上pm或p.m.。如：four oclock p.m. （下午四点）等。 D. 若表示的时间不够准确，可在时间前加上介词about。如： about eight （大约八点）等。 E. 在时间前面应用介词at 来表示在的意思。如：at nine 在九 点钟，at about five thirty-five p.m. 大约在下午五点三十 五分等。 II. II. 现在完成时现在完成时 一）概说 现在完成时
4、是一种混合时态，跨越两个时间范畴。一个是过去，一个 是现在。动作往往发生在过去，但对现在有影响，而这种影响或者结果却是 说话人的兴趣之所在，所以常常后面不用时间状语。谓语动词部分的构成为 have/has +done (过去分词) 肯定式 疑问式 否定式 I have already worked. Have I worked yet? I have not worked yet. He has already worked. Has he worked yet? He has not worked yet. We have already worked. Have we worked yet
5、? We have not worked yet. You have already worked. Have you worked yet? You have not worked yet. They have already worked. Have they worked yet? They have not worked yet. 二) 意义（用法） 1. 动作在过去发生，但是对现在有影响（或结果），而这种影响（或结果）却 往往是说话人兴趣所在，所以后面常常不出现具体的时间状语。而出现一些 不够明确的副词或介词短语。例如， just, already, yet, recently, b
6、efore, lately, never, ever, in the past. 1) The car has arrived. （The car is here right now.） 2) The car arrived five minutes ago. 3) Someone has broken the window. (The window is broken.) 4) Someone broke the window. (the window may be fixed.) 5) I have told you before. ( You should know that) 6) H
7、ave you ever seen the sea? ( Id like to know something about it.) 7) They have gone to Shanghai. (They arent here.) They went to Shanghai. ( We dont know where they are now.) 8) I have seen some of your paintings. ( I know you are good at art.) 一般过去时只说明过去，不说明现在，并且经常出现具体的时间状语；而现在 完成时的动作虽然发生在过去，但强调的是对
8、现在的影响，往往用的是模糊 的副词或介词短语。 They have gone to Shanghai. They went to Shanghai last Friday. I had breakfast this morning. (The speaker speaks in the afternoon or in the evening. The morning is the past ) I have had breakfast this morning.( The speaker speaks still in the morning.) 2 动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，且有可能继
9、续下去。这种用法一般要求 使用延续性动词，如，live, study, be, wait, keep, 常常和since或for引导 的时间状语连用。其他常用的时间状语结构还有 ever since, up to now, until now, by now, so far, in the past/last ten years. (1) I have lived here for more than 30 years. I lived here for more than 30 years. (2) He has taught here since 10 years ago. He taug
10、ht here for 10 years. (3) My father has worn this watch since he bought it. (4) My father worn this watch for 11 years. (5) His grandfather has died/ has been dead for half a year. (6) The door has closed/ has been closed for two hours. (7) They have known/ have got to know each other for 11 years.
11、(8) The film has begun/ has been on for fifteen minutes. (9) He has left/ has been away from school for two days. (10) I have kept/ have borrowed the book for three weeks. (11) Mr. Smith and Mrs. Smith have married/have got married/ have been married for fifty years. 现在完成时还可以表示过去某一重复动作 I have been t
12、o Taiyuan twice. He has tried six times and six times he has failed. I have painted six pictures this week. III.Except (but), except for, , besides 1. except 是“除了 之外“的意思。 1）The shop is open every day except (but) Sunday. 2) Everyone laughed, except (but) our teacher. 3) All the students except (but)
13、 Li Ming are going to the park. 2. except for主要有三层含义： 表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定起部分修正主要意思的作用。 .Your writing is quite good except for several spelling mistakes. 表示非同类事物进行比较。 eg. The street is empty except for several cars. 置于句首，表达except的含义。 Except for this everything is in order. 3. besides 表示“除了.之外（还有）“的意思
14、。 1）We need vegetables besides milk and cheese. We need vegetables plus milk and cheese. 2) I have five other history books besides this . I have six books together. 3) Besides English, he has to learn French. He has to learn English and French. 4) All the students went to Beijing except Li Ming. Li
15、 Ming didnt go to the park. Danny, Jenny went to Beijing besides Li Ming. Li Ming went to Beijing. 一 反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实进行强调 或者希望予以确认。这种疑问句由助动词或者情态动词加上主语 （与陈述句的主语相同，但是要用代词）。反意疑问句实际上是 一种简略的一般疑问句，所以它的回答要使用yes或者no.陈述句 部分如果是肯定结构，后面的反意疑问句要用否定结构；陈述句 部分如果是否定结构，后面的反意疑问句要用肯定结构。 (1) Your sister hasnt retu
16、rned from Tokyo yet, has she? Yes, she has. (不，她已经回来了) No, she hasnt. （是，她还没有回来） （2）We were late, werent we? Yes, we were.（是的，我们迟到了） No, we werent.(不，我们没有迟到) (3) Mickey cant speak Russian, can he? Yes, he can. （不，他会说） No, he cant. （是，他不会说） IV. IV. 反意疑问句反意疑问句 如果陈述句没有be或情态动词，反意疑问句则用助动词do(does)或者 did, have, has, will, shall等助动词。 (
