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1、Welding Health and Safety 焊接作业的健康与安全 Hazards 危害性 Welding has both “Apparent” hazards and “Hidden” hazards. Apparent hazards are those which can be easily identified. Hidden hazards are those not seen and often forgotten. 焊接分明显的危害和隐藏的危害，明显的危害是容易鉴定而隐藏的危害是不明 显而且容易忽略的。 Some of these are: Electrical Shoc
2、k 触电 Over exposure to arc radiation 电弧光辐射 Fumes and gasses 有害的烟和气 Burns and fire 灼伤和火灾 Compressed gas cylinders 压力容器 Noise 噪音 Electrical Safety 电气安全 Electric shock and electrocution are possible hazards with all welding processes. 在整个焊接过程中，触电和电击是可 能存在的危害。 EHS俱乐部 Electrical Safety 电气安全 Fuse or Breake
3、r panel 保险丝或者断路面板 Power Supply cables 电源线 Internal parts of the power source 电源内部零件 Exposed wires on the welding lead. 焊接端面上的裸线 Contact with the electrode and the work piece. 电极和工件之间的连接 Wet gloves or skin. 湿的手套或者外套 The primary side: 主要方面: The secondary side: 次级方面: There are two different areas of co
4、ncern. 有两个不同的区域需要注意。 EHS俱乐部 Primary side power is normally is high amperage/high voltage. The welder should not work in this area. It should left up to a qualified maintenance person. 初级电源通常是高电流/电压,焊工不应工 作在这个区域。它应该由一个合格的维护 人操作。 Notice: 注意： EHS俱乐部 Electrical Safety 电气安全 AC Current 交流电 Paralyzes volun
5、tary muscles. 肌肉麻痹 AC is the primary power for welding which is much higher than the output welding current. 交流电主电源处电压比输出端高 很多 DC Current 直流电 DC Current can cause sever internal burns but does not paralyze muscles. 直流电能引起严重的内部燃 烧，但不会使肌肉麻痹 Question: Which is more dangerous? 哪个更危险？ AC Current or DC Cu
6、rrent ？ 交流电或直流电？ Answer: In GMAW, AC current is more dangerous. 气体保护电弧焊中，交流电是 更加危险的。 EHS俱乐部 Electrical Safety 电气安全 Work Return Lead vs. Ground. 工作回路引线和接地 The work return lead is often referred to as the ground. 工作回路引线有点像接地 Work return and grounding are two different things. 但是接地和工作回路引线是两种不同的事情。 EHS俱
7、乐部 Electrical Safety 电气安全 Grounding is： 接地是： A cable attached to a copper rod driven into the ground. 电缆联接铜棒插入地下。 Its purpose is to carry away current in case of a transformer fault, power surge, or stray voltage. 它的目的将使在变压器故 障,电力高峰及短路情况 下把电流导入地下。 A Work Return Lead is: 工作回路引线是: A cable attached to
8、the work piece. 电缆被连接到工件上。 Its purpose is to create a complete circuit for welding. 它的目的是使焊接时建立 一条完全回路。 EHS俱乐部 Connecting the Work Return lead 连接工作回路引线 Electrical Safety 电气安全 Proper connection is very important ，because the welding current will find the easiest path back to the Power source. 正确的连接非常
9、重要,因为焊接电流将容易找到返回到功率源的路径 。 Possibly through the building if there is a metal floor. 容易通过金属平台穿过建 筑。 Through an attached lifting device such as an overhead crane. 通过一个附属的起重装置例 如一架吊车 。 Through power tools if other operations being performed on the assembly you are welding on. 当在焊接时如果有组装的时 候，通过一个手动工具。 EH
10、S俱乐部 Possible current return paths. 目前可能的返回路径。 Through overhead lifting devices. 通过起重设备 Through metal plates that may be placed in the floor for other functions. 通过放在地上的金属板或类似物品 Through power tools used for other operations on the same unit. 在同一个产品上操作时，通过电动工具 Electrical Safety 电气安全 EHS俱乐部 Electrical
11、 Safety Tips: Power Source 电气安全提示：电源 Should be installed and serviced by a qualified electrician or maintenance person. 持有电工证的电工或则维修人员安装电源和维护。 Avoid working near primary side power cables. 避免在主要电源端附近工作。 Never run over primary side or any other power cables with a forklift. Also, be careful not to dr
12、op heavy objects on power cords. Damage to the outer casing can result and expose the conductor underneath. 绝对不能使用叉车压住主要电源端和任何电源线。同样，小 心不要掉重物在电源线上。破坏电器箱将会是使导体裸露。 Electrical Safety 电气安全 EHS俱乐部 Electrical Safety Tips: Welding Equipment 电气安全提示：焊接设备 Check cables for worn or cut insulation. 检查电源线是否磨损或者绝缘
13、断开 。 Let your supervisor know if damage is found so maintenance can be called. 如果发现破坏，通知你的主管让维修人员去修理。 Electrical Safety 电气安全 EHS俱乐部 Electrical Safety Tips: Protective Clothing 电气安全提示：防护服 Wear proper gloves that are dry and free of holes. 穿那些干燥的且有通气孔的特制的手套 Wear rubber soled safety shoes. 穿橡胶制作的安全鞋 El
14、ectrical Safety 电气安全 EHS俱乐部 Electrical Safety Tips: Work Return Lead 电气安全提示：工作回路引线 Make sure the work return lead is properly connected near the point of welding and makes good electrical connection. 确定工作回路引线是被正确的夹在焊接点的附近和确保有好 的电气连接。 Do not place the power source on a floor that could conduct weldin
15、g current. 不要将电源放置在能导电的地面上。 Never leave an overhead crane or other lifting device connected to the assembly being welded. Current can travel back through these devices and cause very serious damage. 不要把吊机或是其它起重设备连接在正在焊接的产品上。通 过这些设备电流能够回流，也能引起非常严重的破坏。 Electrical Safety 电气安全 EHS俱乐部 Electrical Safety Tips: In case of Electrical Shock 电气安全提示：假如发生电击 If possible, turn the power off immediately. 如有可能，立即关闭电源。 Do not try to pull the victim free while in contact with the electrical power. 不要试图去推开那些正触电的受害者。 Activate the EMS (emergency medical system), ca
