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1、河南大学 硕士学位论文 无线传感器网络节点能耗测量设备设计与实现 姓名：牛星 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：计算机应用技术 指导教师：李捷 2011-05 I 摘 要 无线传感器网络是近期发展比较热门的一项新兴技术， 被誉为 21 世纪最有影响的技 术之一。它是由大量分布式自组织微型传感器节点组成，用于监测物理环境条件，比如 温度、声音、震动、压力、运动或污染物等，并通过合作的方式把数据通过网络传输到 主要位置，它在军事，医学，交通和建筑等很多方面都有很广泛的应用前景。但是它的 能量高效性是传感网研究中的关键性问题，因而对传感网节点能耗的准确测量评估是基 础。 目前无线传感器网络的发展还处于初级阶
2、段，对传感网节点的能耗测量设备还不是 很多，大致可分为两种方法。一种是软件仿真方法，如 EmTOS，NS-2,PowerTOSSIM 等。 它采用模拟工具对节点运行时刻的能量消耗进行分析估计， 但是由于是在给定参数下进 行的，与实际情况有着一定的差距。另一种是硬件实验方法，它采用额外的硬件电路来 对节点能耗进行监测测量，如 Dutta，SPOT 等。但是，这两种传感网节点能耗测量方法 都难以满足长时间，细粒度和高精确的测量需求。所以，本文提出了一种新的基于硬件 实验的传感网节点能耗测量方法，并在此基础上实现了一套传感网节点能耗测量设备。 相比于上述已有的一些节点能耗测量方法和设备，本文提出的节
3、点能耗测量方法， 是基于电流采样、高速模拟数字转换芯片和可编程逻辑阵列构成的功耗测量电路，它具 有以下优点： 1. 它能够对节点能耗进行高精确和细粒度的测量。 2. 它能够对节点能耗进行长时间连续的监测， 即可以观测到节点在一定时间范围内 能耗连续的变化情况。 3. 得出测量结果后， 它可以对测得的数据进行进一步后续处理和分析， 最后把结果 通过更加方便用户观测的方式显示出来。 从而有助于分析传感器节点的不同模块的耗电 量和功耗的相关性，设计和实现能耗高效的传感网协议和应用。 本文最后对该设备实测结果进行了分析，分析结果表明该节点能耗测量设备在无线 传感器网络测试领域中是可靠和有效的。 关键词
4、: 传感器网络,节点能耗,测量 III Abstract Sensor network, a new popular technology in recently, was considered as one of the 21st centurys most influential technologies. It consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration,
5、 pressure, motion or pollutants, and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. It has very broad application prospects in the military, medical, transportation, construction and many other areas. But the energy efficiency is the key issues of the wireless sensor networ
6、k, and the accurate measurement of energy consumption of the sensor nodes is the basis for assessment. At present, the development of the wireless sensor network at an early stage, the measuring equipment of the energy consumption of sensor network nodes is not a lot which can be divided into two me
7、thods. One is the software simulation methods, such as EmTOS, NS-2 and PowerTOSSIM. It uses the simulation tool to analyze and estimate the energy consumption of the running nodes, but it carry out under the given parameters, so it has a certain gap between the actual situation. The other is the har
8、dware experimental method, which uses the extra hardware to monitor and measure the energy consumption of the nodes, such as Dutta and SPOT. But the both measurement methods of energy consumption of sensor network nodes are difficult to meet the long term, fine-grained and high-precision measurement
9、 needs. Therefore, this paper proposes a new measurement method which base on the hardware experimental method and achieves a measurement equipment of energy consumption of sensor network nodes. Comparing with above methods and equipments, the method this paper proposed is based on measurement circu
10、it which composed by current sampling, high-speed analog to digital conversion chip and the field-programmable gate array. It has the following advantages: 1. It can exactly measure the node energy consumption. 2. It can continuously measure the node energy consumption, thus it can observe the energ
11、y consumption change of the node in a time period. 3. When we obtained the measurement results from the equipment, it doing the next processing and analysis for the measurement data, and finally showing the results in a easy observing way for the users. IV Thus it contributes to analyze the sensor n
12、ode relevance between the electricity consumption and power consumption in different modules, design and implement the sensor network protocols and applications of energy efficient. Finally, from analyzing the experimental results, the device is reliable and effective in the province of wireless sen
13、sor networks measurement. KEYWOEDS: sensor networks, node energy consumption, measurement VII 图目录 图 1-1 传感器网络体系结构.1 图 1-2 传感器节点体系结构.3 图 1-3 传感器能量消耗情况.3 图 1-4 PowerTOOSIM 体系模型. 5 图 1-5 Spot 运行时能耗测量图 .7 图 1-6 能耗测量电路图.8 图 2-1 传感网节点能耗测量方法.12 图 2-2 该测量系统各部件节点图.14 图 2-3 能耗测量设备实物图.15 图 2-4 ZN-05 传感网节点.15 图 2-5 ZP-02 编程板.
