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1、Module2 DevelopingandDevelopedCountries Grammar 1. Learn to use the link words: but /however; although /while. 2. Learn some sentence structures. Learning aims Find these sentences with link words and analyze the structures. 1. The report shows that we are making progress but that we need to make gr
2、eater efforts. 2. He is thin, but he is strong. 3. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. 4. He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. Leading-in 一、but （但是，然而) but 作为并列连词，在意义上起转折作用。 but 前 后的两个句子或短语在意义上形成鲜明对照。 but 用来连接
3、两个分句或两个较长的短语时， but 前面 一般要加逗号。 1.连接两个并列分句 Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.蜜甜须防蜂蜇。 2. 连接两个并列成分 They see the trees but not the forest.（连接宾语） He no longer felt disappointed, but happy and hopeful.（连接表语） 3.后接状语 He tried to save it, but in vain. 4.作介词，意思是“除了”，谓语与前面名词一致。 All the people but Tom go to the
4、 cinema every Sundays. 除Tom之外所有人每周日都去看电影。 1. (2015北京高考)He is a shy man, he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A. so B. but C. or D. as 【解题关键】句意:他是一个害羞的人,但是并不害 怕任何事和任何人。根据句意可知前后句表示转折 ,因此选择but。 【高考链接】 2.（2013大纲版全国卷） I was glad to meet Jenny again, _I didnt want to spend all day with her. A. but B. a
5、nd C. so D. or 【解题关键】句意：我很高兴再次见到珍妮，但是我 不想一整天都和她在一起。根据句意可知前后之间是 转折关系，所以选A。 二、however however 意为“可是，然而，尽管”，比 but 的意味弱 ，通常用作连接性状语。其位置可以在句首、句末或 插入句中。当其被用来对照两个分句时，中间需要有 一个逗号；当它被用作句子的插入语时，则前后应各 有一个逗号。 However，we need not do that now. 可是，我们现在不需要做那个。 His friends，however，had other ideas. 然而，他的朋友还有其他想法。 【拓展】h
6、owever 也可用作连词，意为“不论怎样”， 引导让步状语从句=no matter how。 构成：however+adj./adv. +主语+谓语 However tired you may be, you must do it. 不管你有多累，你非做不可。 Ill come, however busy I am. 我不管怎么忙都会来的。 【辨析】 but 与however but和however 两者都意为“但是, 然而”，但是两者的 用法不同。 (1) however既可以放在句首也可以放在句中，还可以 放在句末，并且一般要有逗号；but常用于句中，后 面不加逗号。 (2) but是并
7、列连词，表示“可是，但是”，连接两个并 列分句或者并列成分，意义上构成了对比。however ，表示“然而，但是” 的时候是副词，不能直接连接 两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。 1.I really dont like cheese, _ I will try just a little this time. 我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。 2. It was raining hard. _, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大。但是，我们出去寻找那个男孩。 but However 【即学即练】 Activity 1 (1) Does
8、 however mean the same as but? (2) Which link word begins a sentence? (3) Which link word can join two parts of a sentence? (4) Which link word is followed by a comma? Yes. However. But. However. In a developed country In a poor country people have nice clothes to wear. most people have a home. one
9、can get good medical care. people have small families. but in a poor country people have few clothes. however, a much larger percentage of the population is homeless. but there is often no money for medical care. however, the families are larger. Activity 2 Look at the link words although and while
10、in these sentences. We use the words to compare people, situations and things. 1. Norway is at the top of the list, while the United States is at number 7. 2. The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. 3. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries
11、 go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. 4. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. although and while Activity 3 一、 although 表示“虽然，尽管”不与but 连用，但可以和副 词 yet，still 连用，表示转折。 例如： Although he is old, yet he looks very young and
12、healthy. although 比 though 正式，两者基本上可以通 用。但though 引导的从句在句首时，从句可以倒 装，而although 不可以。例如： Child though /as he is, he helped me a lot. 尽管他还是个孩子，但是他帮了我很多。 【即学即练】 _ he had to write a history paper， _ he couldnt find time to do it. A. Although; but B. Although; / C. Even though; / D. Even if; / although 不 能和
13、but 连用 1. (2015湖南高考) the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it. A. If only B. After C. Although D. In case 【解题关键】句意:尽管这项工作花了很长时间但大 多数学生认为这个经历很值得。根据语境以及句意得 知应用although引导让步状语从句。 【高考链接】 2. (2014江苏苏高考)Lessons can be learned to face the future, histor
14、y cannot be changed. A. though B.as C. since D. unless 【解题关键】句意：尽管历史无法改变，但是我们可 以吸取教训来面对未来。though表示转折。 二、 while作从属连词，有以下几个意思： 在期间，引导时间状语从句 She called me while I was out. 并列连词表示前后的对照 “ 然而，而”（放在句中） He is diligent while his brother is lazy. 虽然，尽管（放在句首） While I admit his good points, I can still see his
15、shortcomings. Activity 4 Join the sentences using the words in brackets. 1. Developed countries are rich. They dont give enough financial help to developing countries. (although) _ _ Although developed countries are rich, they dont give enough financial help to developing countries. 2. Europe has a lot of industry. Africa does not have much. (while） _ _ 3. In some parts of Europe, incomes are high. In other parts they are much lower. (while) _
