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1、河南大学 硕士学位论文 晚清商会制度论略 姓名：陈相胜 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：法律史 指导教师：陈景良 2011-05 I 摘 要 摘 要 商会是商人之间建立的自治性的社团法人。目前各国的商会制度有所不同，但是 它们的功能都是类似的，都是为了维护商人利益、发展工商业。商会的建立有力的促进 了工商业的发展。我国清末的商会是近些年研究的热点。本文以清末商会对于纠纷的解 决机制作为切入点，主要介绍了我国清末商会的起源、建立以及建立的原因、商会的性 质和法律地位以及在经济社会中所发挥的功能， 重点介绍分析了商会处理商业纠纷的范 围、程序、结案方式和执行程序，最后将清末时期的商会和现代仲裁、民间调解
2、以及外 国的商会做了一下比较，使我们能够更清晰地认识到清末商会的面貌，其中写这篇论文 的目的是为了对我国当代的商会组织的建设提供借鉴意义， 我国目前的工商联和贸易促 进会以及各种行业协会虽然在名义上是民间工商业者的自治组织， 但它们还有很强的行 政性，对政府还有很强的依赖性，这需要在以后的体制改革中加以完善。本文主要分为 七个部分： 第一部分，主要介绍了商会的起源，商会起源于古代的商人团体，从我国古代的行 会、市行、工行到明清时代的会馆、公所，清末时期的公所后来转变为商会，这些组织 它们都是都具有一定的中介服务的职能， 它们通过规章、 行业惯例来实现对商户的管理， 促进商业的协调发展，这是我国
3、清末商会的初期阶段。 第二部分，主要介绍了商会的建立，商会建立的原因除了我国工商业的发展外，清 末外敌的入侵也是一个重要的方面， 清政府为了维护自己的统治， 决心同外国开展商战， 发展我国的工商业， 其中建立商会就是很重要的一个措施。 商会是在官督民办下建立的， 清政府通过颁布商会简明章程和一些实施细则来推动商会的建立， 此后商会在全国迅速 建立起来。 第三部分，主要介绍了商会的权力与功能，商会具有规章制定权、商事纠纷的裁判 权，还具有管理入会会员的权利，它可以通过调查商情，向政府提出商业发展的建议， 商会的主要功能是调查商情、裁判商务纠纷还有一部分社会公益性的职能，例如培训、 兴办教育、帮助
4、进行城市管理建设等。 第四部分，主要介绍了商会的性质和法律地位，我国清末的商会是一种社会团体法 II 人，是一种商法人，它不具有营利性，也不属于公益性法人，它只是为商业商人服务的， 联系商人和政府的互益性法人。虽然清末的商会归商部管理，但是它是商人自愿加入的 组织，有一定的自治性。 第五部分，主要介绍了商会对于纠纷的解决机制，主要从受案范围，即商会主要受 理商事纠纷，主要是钱债、违约等，商会的管辖范围，主要是是纠纷所涉及的主体是本 地人还是外地人还是外商，商会的管辖问题，以及商会在处理纠纷时与政府的裁判权的 处理，重点介绍了商会的理案方式。 第六部分，主要分析了清末商会裁判的性质问题，清末商会
5、对纠纷的处理属于商会 调解，而不是仲裁，也不是民间调解，它同这两者之间都有区别。另外清末的商会与国 外的商会从建立的基础到裁判依据等都存在很大的不同。 第七部分，主要分析了我国现阶段具有商会性质的全国工商联、行业协会以及贸易 促进会存在的问题，它们从性质上来说还不是真正的商会，它们不是商人自治的社团组 织，与政府还有着千丝万缕的联系，以后我国商会改革的目标就是建立现代的商会。 关键词：商会，会馆，公所，仲裁，商会调解 III ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The chamber of commerce is established between the merchant autonom
6、y of most countries corporations, the chamber of commerce system some different, but their function is similar, it is to safeguard businessman interests, the establishment of the development of industry and commerce, chamber of commerce has promoted the development of industry and commerce. In the l
7、ate Qing dynasty in the chamber is hot, I want to pass the chamber of commerce to our modern study of the chamber of commerce system provides some can draw lessons from place. This paper mainly introduces the origin of the late Qing dynasty and chamber of commerce in China, establishing and establis
8、h reasons, nature and legal status and the economic society in its function, analyzed emphatically introduced the scope of business disputes chamber handling procedures and executing programs settlement of Qing dynasty, the chamber of commerce and the modern period of arbitration, civil mediation an
9、d foreign chamber of commerce made a comparison, enables us to more clearly recognize the face of Qing dynasty chamber of commerce, including the purpose of this essay is to the chamber of commerce in China to provide useful reference for constructing contemporary significance, Chinas current federa
10、tion of industry and trade promotion association and various industry association is nominally though in the autonomous organizations of folk business owners, but they have very strong administrative character, for the government and strong dependence in later, this needs to be perfected system refo
11、rm. This paper mainly divided into seven parts: The first part, this part of the mainly introduces the origin, the chamber of commerce is chamber groups of ancient businessman originated in ancient China, from the guild to Qing dynastys guild and mansion these organizations they are all have certain
12、 of intermediary service functions, they through regulation, trade practices to merchants to realize the management, and promote the coordinated development of the business in the late Qing dynasty, this is the initial phase of the chamber of commerce. The second part, the part of the establishment
13、of the chamber of commerce are mainly introduced a reason, chamber of commerce in China outside except for the development of industry and commerce, the Qing dynasty is an important aspects of a invasion, the Qing government to protect their rule, determined to carry out with foreign war, the develo
14、pment of industry and commerce, which is very important to establish chamber of commerce a measures. The chamber of commerce is run by officials issued by IV chamber of commerce, the Qing government through its articles of association and the detailed rules for the implementation of some simple to p
15、romote the establishing and then chamber of commerce chamber up rapidly across the country. The third part, this part of the mainly introduced the nature and legal status of the chamber of commerce, the chamber of commerce, in the late Qing dynasty is a kind of social groups, is a legal person, it d
16、oes not have the commercial law, and does not belong to the public welfare for-profit legal person, it just is the commercial businessman service, contact the businessmen and government mutual benefit sex legal person. The chamber of commerce is businessman, has certain of willing to join the autonomy, though it be business department. The fourth part, this part of the mainly introduced the chamber of commerce, th
