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1、安徽大学 硕士学位论文 安徽省农村留守妇女问题研究 姓名：张巧遇 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：人口学 指导教师：黄鹂 2010-05 I 摘 要 摘 要 改革开放以来，社会经济体制的变革，农村社会生产力得到巨大发展，农 村中涌现出大量的剩余劳动力。随着城市化进程的加快，城市建设对农村劳动 力的需求加大，给农村剩余劳动力向城市流动提供了广阔的空间。农村中青壮 年劳动力大规模向城市流动成为现代化背景下普遍的社会现象。然而，由于现 行的二元社会体制和城乡分割的户籍管理制度，限制了农村劳动力进行举家迁 移，迁移人口中大多数为已婚男性，致使在农村社会中出现了一种特殊的群体， 即“留守妇女”群体。尤其在安徽
2、省农村，妇女留守的现象更为普遍。安徽省 是农业大省，人口众多，农村劳动力人口向外输出的数量在全国范围内名列前 茅，在同等社会制度背景下，安徽省农村留守妇女现象更为明显，在社会中产 生的影响也更为强烈。目前，对安徽省农村留守妇女缺少较为系统的研究，对 其产生的问题也缺少行之有效的对策和解决措施，不利于社会的全面发展和共 同进步。因此，加大对安徽省农村留守妇女的关注力度和进行相关系统研究， 为加快新农村建设以及促进社会和谐发展有着积极和深远的意义。 本文结合定性和定量两种研究方法，以文献资料和调查问卷为研究工具， 探讨安徽省农村留守妇女的数量和规模，并根据实际情况分析了农村留守妇女 的类型和特点；
3、根据国家的社会制度和政策并结合社会性别角色理论、推拉理 论以及舒尔茨人力资本理论来分析安徽省农村留守妇女形成的原因；通过对发 放问卷收集来的第一手资料进行整理和分析，论述了留守妇女在安徽农村社会 中产生的作用和影响。同时，本研究着重考查了留守妇女的经济生活状况、政 治生活状况、身体健康状况以及她们的闲暇生活和感情生活状况，从不同的侧 面反映留守妇女在农村社会中所面临的问题和困境。 通过研究发现，安徽省农村留守妇女存在着一系列的问题，这些问题不仅 影响着留守妇女自身和家庭的健康发展，同时对农村社会的经济、文化等方面 带来负面的影响。针对安徽省农村留守妇女存在的一系列问题，结合省情提出 相应的对策
4、和建议。发展农村社会经济，是解决留守妇女问题的根本途径；加 快城镇化进程的步伐，实现城乡统筹协调化发展，为农村青壮年劳动人口提供 II 更多更便捷的就业环境，避免劳动力的外流，从源头上减少留守妇女的数量； 在文化方面，积极提倡男女平等的价值观念，为留守妇女在农村社会的生活和 发展提供宽松的空间，调动留守妇女对自身要求发展的积极性，使其与社会发 展同步；与此同时，政府部分在政策上给予支持，为她们的健康发展提供优越 的政策和保障；最后，呼吁社会各界的力量加大对农村留守妇女群体的关注力 度，为更好更优地解决留守妇女问题提供全方位视角。 关键词：关键词：安徽省；留守妇女；强弱势群体；闲暇生活； III
5、 Abstract Since reform and opening, socio-economic structural reform, rural social productive forces tremendous development, emerged a large number of rural surplus labors. With the accelerated urbanization process, urban construction, increase the demand for rural labor to urban migration of rural
6、labor force to provide a broad space. Young labors force in rural areas to urban mass movement into a modern context of widespread social phenomenon. However, the existing social system and urban-rural split dual household registration management system, limit the migration of rural labor force to h
7、is family, but also most of the migration of the population for married men, resulting in the emergence of a rural community in the special group of , that staying home women groups. Particularly in rural Anhui Province, more common phenomenon of women stay home. Anhui is a major agricultural provin
8、ce with a large population, the rural labor force out the number of output among the best in the whole country, the same social system in the context of the phenomenon of women stay home in rural areas of Anhui Province was more obvious impact in society and more strong. Currently, the lack of women
9、 stay home in rural areas of Anhui Province a systematic study of its problems arising from the lack of effective strategies and solutions, not conducive to overall social development and common progress. Therefore, increasing the concern of women left behind in rural areas of Anhui Province and rel
10、ated systems research efforts in order to speed up the construction of new countryside and promote the harmonious development of society has a positive and far-reaching significance. This combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to literature and questionnaires as a research tool
11、, left in rural areas of Anhui Province, the number and size of women, and the actual situation of the rural women left behind on the type and characteristics; under the countrys social system and policy and integration of gender role theory, push-pull theory of human capital theory, and Schultz to
12、the formation of the reasons women stay home in Anhui Province; through a questionnaire collected data collation and analysis of first-hand, discusses the women stay home in Anhui Province The role of rural society and the impact IV produced. At the same time, this study examined the left focus on t
13、he living conditions of womens economic and political conditions of life, physical health and their leisure life and feelings of living conditions, from different perspectives in the rural community of women left behind face the problems and difficulties. The research shows that women left behind in
14、 rural areas of Anhui Province there is a series of problems that affects not only women themselves and staying healthy development of families, while the economy of rural society and culture, have a negative impact. Women stayed home in rural areas of Anhui Province series of problems, combined wit
15、h the corresponding situation in the province put forward countermeasures and suggestions. Development of rural economy, is the solution to the problem of women stayed home; accelerate the pace of urbanization and achieve coordinated development of urban and rural, young labor force in rural areas p
16、rovide more convenient working environment, to avoid the outflow of labor from the source reduce the number of women stayed home; In culture, actively promoted the values of gender equality for women staying in the rural community to provide generous living and development space for the mobilization of women left behind their own development initiative required to make it sync with the social development ; At the same tim
