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1、韩都衣舍淘宝店 潮州新闻网 韩都衣舍童装时尚女装 网购韩都衣舍首选麦考林 韩都衣舍官方旗舰店 说明文写作说明文写作 一、概述 二、写作方法及例子 三、图表作文 一、概述 说明文是描述某一事物、事由或过 程的文章。它用于说明客观事物的特点 和性能，或介绍某种操作的程序，或解 释某些抽象概念，或阐明某种科学原理 、自然现象等，完全是就事论事的描述 ，所以也称技术性的描写文。词典、教 材、论文、实验报告、甚至广告等都属 这类文体。 二、写作方法及例子 1、下定义（definition） 像词典那样直接地给字或词下定 义，也包括进一步通过举例、对比、 比喻逻辑推理等写作方法解释事物， 使读者对事物的特
2、点有更全面的了解 。 例： Ambition means the goal in our life. To have ones ambition does not necessarily mean to become one of the chief state leaders. This is not the real sense of the word. True ambition encourages us always to look forward and not to lose hope in face of failure. Ambition differs from perso
3、n to person and everyone has his own ambition. Yet not every one of us can succeed in what we desire to do. 2、举例子（Illustration）。 例： Americans value manual labor. They have great respect for craftsmanship. Many Americans prefer craft hobbies. For example, some build small boats in their leisure time.
4、 Others make new furniture or refinish antique furniture. Others enjoy gardening or painting. Many low- income American families have beautiful furniture or paintings or pottery or boats. They make these things and they are proud of their manual skill. In fact some people are really very handy. 3、分类
5、（Classification）。 把事物分作若干类型并说明或描 述各事物的特点和差异。 例： All matter is in one of the three states. It may be in the state of a gas, a liquid or a solid. A solid has definite shape and definite volume. A liquid has definite volume, but it has no definite shape. It may flow or take the shape of its container.
6、A gas changes not only in shape but also in volume, for it expands and contracts easily. 4、比较（Comparison）和对照（ Contrast） 比较和对照在英语写作中应用非 常广泛。一般来说，比较时指对人或 事件之间相同点进行分析；对比是对 人或事物之间的不同点进行比较。不 过在很多情况下，这两种方法不能截 然分开。 例： It is easy to be a winner. A winner can show his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and
7、dance and celebrate his victory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers cannot show their disappointment publicly. They cannot cry or grieve about their defeat. They may su
8、ffer privately, but they must be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness. 5、因果分析（Cause and Effect）。 指分析某一事物或现象的前因后 果。有的文章以分析原因为主，有的 文章以说明造成的结果为主，一般说 来，不存在单独表示原因或结果的文 章。 例： Climate affects the culture of a country. Men must learn to live within the limitat
9、ions of their environment, and climate is an important part of the physical environment. Life in a tropical country is less strenuous and more casual than it is in a temperate one. Men work shorter hours and less vigorously in a hot climate. They cnnot play hard either. They tire easily. They can re
10、lax by reading, by sipping cool drinks, or by listening to soothing music. They must try to conserve their energy. The wisest ones learn to respect the demands of Nature. 6、叙述过程（Process Analysis）。 例：如何做汉堡包 Making hamburgers is really very simple. All you need is a pound of minced beef, which you mix
11、 with the other things salt and pepper, a teaspoon of mustard（芥末）, and an egg as well. You break the egg in a bowl, and mix all the things together with a fork. When it is smooth and well-mixed, make round hamburgers from the mixture, and roll them in some flour. Then you need a frying pan and some
12、oil. Fry the hamburgers on both sides for about 15 minutes, until they are really brown. When they are ready, get some soft bread rolls and cut them in half. Put the hamburgers inside them and eat them as soon as possible. (实际上，人们写作说明文的时候， 一般常采用综合法，在一篇文章中同时 交叉使用两种或两种以上的方法，使文 章表达得更完整、更有力。) 三、图表作文 1、定
13、义 2、特点及要求 3、技巧 4、两种类型 5、例文 6、写作练习 1、定义 图表作文是采用统计数据表(table) ，坐标曲线(graph)或圆形饼图(pie chart)等资料数据来阐述论题的作文。 也是科技文献中常用的一种表达手段。 2、特点及要求 图表作文利用图象，表格和曲线图 作为作文提示，并以此为依据要求考生 用简洁生动的语言，把图表中给定的信 息完整而又准确地表达出来。 图表作文不但要求作者具有一定的 英文写作能力，而且要求具有较强的观 察力，分析力和充分的想象力。 3、技巧 无需一条不漏地将数据资料加以描 述，而是选择有典型性和代表性的重点 数据，同时要注意文章的整体结构，详
14、略得当。 4、两种类型 Type 1:要求客观陈述图表信息内容的作 文 侧重对比分析和说明资料数据之间的关系上。 最后分析和查找出规律，归纳得出结论。 Type 2: 要求深入分析原因内容的作 文 先阐述图表数据所反映的问题。 进而筛选出有关的数据资料进行深入的 分析讨论，分析原因。 最后找出解决问题的方法。 5、例文 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Changes in Peoples Diet. Study th
15、e following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to: (1) state the changes in peoples diet in the past five years; (2) give possible reasons for the changes; (3) draw your own conclusions. Year Food 19861987198819891990 Grain 49%47%46.5% 45%45% Milk10%11%11%12%13% Meat17%20%22.5% 23%21% Fruit and vegetables 24%22%20%20%21% Total 100% 100%100%100% 100% Sample: As can be seen from the table, great changes have been taking place in peoples diet over the period from 1986 to 1990. The consumption of grain has decreas
