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1、湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 储蓄存款冒领后的民事责任研究 姓名：吴纲要 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：法律民商法学 指导教师：彭熙海 20060901 I 摘摘 要要 储蓄存款合同纠纷是司法实践中较为多见的一种合同纠纷。由于我国合同 法对存款合同没有专门规定，给这类纠纷案件的法律适用带来了一定的难度， 而其中尤以因存款被冒领所引发的纠纷案件的责任认定最具争议性和典型性,储 蓄存款被冒领后引起的储蓄存款纠纷的民事责任是需要重点探讨的问题。 存款被冒领是此类储蓄存款纠纷的原因行为,对由此引发的民事责任的认定 有直接的影响。从存款得以冒领的原因上，可将存款冒领行为分为利用真实的存 款信息伪造凭证冒领存款、利
2、用真实的存款信息和凭证冒领存款及利用不当挂失 冒领存款等三大类。而由此引发的纠纷具有主体的多元性、法律关系的双重性、 程序上的交叉性、因果联系的重合性等特性，表明此类纠纷所涉及的责任问题较 为复杂。 研究民事责任的落脚点在确定责任。该文综合运用利益衡量的方法论、合同 的一般性原理及违约责任理论，通过对储蓄存款冒领纠纷的责任认定中的价值取 向、储蓄合同的性质、归责原则、责任构成、责任竞合、承担责任的方式等系列 问题的系统探讨，倡导优先保护储户利益的价值取向，将储蓄合同定性为消费借 贷，实行严格责任的归责原则，并以违约行为为违约责任的惟一构成要件，否定 在存款冒领纠纷案件中存在责任竞合的情形。从而
3、确定储蓄存款冒领后的责任认 定规则为：对存款被冒领后金融机构因此拒付存款的，由金融机构承担违约责任， 但储户的过错构成存款被冒领之原因时，则应根据原因力的大小减轻或免除金融 机构的责任。 最后，民事责任的认定难以回避程序运作机制问题。这类案件应定性为合同 纠纷案件而非侵权纠纷案件。依合同的相对性原理，冒领人和异地付款的金融机 构不能成为此类纠纷的正当主体。 “刑民交叉” 、 “先刑后民” 、诉讼中止均应以审 理案件需要为条件，并审慎而定。 关键词：储蓄合同 民事责任 存款冒领 先刑后民 II ABSTRACT Savings deposit contract is one kind of qu
4、ite common contract dispute in judicial practice. Because of no specific provisions for deposits in our , it makes the application of law of the kind of case become difficult, among which the confirmation of responsibility caused by fraudulently receiving savings deposit is the most dispute and typi
5、cal. The article intends to study on the civil liability of fraudulently receiving savings deposit. It is the main cause that makes the kind of case that depositors were received fraudulently, and that is direct impact with civil responsibility caused by this. From the causes that deposit was fraudu
6、lently received, we can classify the behavior of fraudulently receiving as 2 parts: information forging documents to the use of real deposits Depositors, depositors use of real deposits and certificates of deposit information, improper use of deposits accepted Depositors and so on. On the basis of t
7、his, we can find that the disputes caused by this are diversity, the dual nature of the legal relationship, procedure overlapping, coincidence causal link and so on, which shows that the responsibility caused by this is more complicated. The purpose of study is to determine the civil responsibility.
8、 The author utilizes comprehensively these factors: the methodology to measure interest, contract general principle and theory of liabilities for breach of contract. Then, the author systematically explores these aspects: values of confirmation about responsibility of disputes caused by fraudulently
9、 receiving savings deposit, the nature of the contract savings, doctrine of liability fixation, constitute responsibility, competing responsibilities, responsible manner and so on. At the mean time, the author set the rule of giving priority to the protection of depositors and explains the nature of
10、 deposit contract expense lends money, doctrine of liability fixation and analyses the only constitution important document of responsibility of breaking a contract and there are not the problem which the responsibility competes gather about fraudulently receiving savings deposit. On these bases, th
11、e author exposes the responsibility recognized after fraudulently receiving savings deposit, which is financial institutions should undertake the responsibility of breaking a contract if it refuse to pay deposits, on the contrary, we should decrease or immune their responsibilities if depositors hav
12、e mistakes also. At last, the mechanism finds it difficult to avoid civil action procedures the author empirically analyses from the perspective expounded and explains that this kind of case III should be regarded as a contract dispute rather than infringement dispute case. The person who fraudulent
13、ly receiving savings deposit and financial institutions that give payment at different places should not regard as subject of the right of action, and then the author defines the related condition about “mix of Criminal and Civil Law”, “first criminal law and after civil law” and stopping tries in o
14、rder to iron out differences of adjudicating timely and effective. Key Words: deposit contract civil liability fraudulently receiving savings deposit criminal law first and then civil law 湘潭大学湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得 的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个 人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品
15、。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集 体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承 担。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校 保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和 借阅。本人授权湘潭大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库 进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 涉密论文按学校规定处理。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日 1 引引 言言 在我们这样一个经济欠发达、社
16、会保障系统尚未真正建立起来的国度，人们 的消费观念仍显十分传统和保守，存钱育儿、养老、防“万一”不失为绝大部分 人的“第一要务” ，个人储蓄存款不断增加作为我国经济和社会发展进程中的特有 现象还将持续相当一个时期。 存款合同已成为社会经济生活中一种十分重要的合 同。 1 正如有交易就可能有纠纷，当储户将存款存入银行但取不出来时，储户与金 融机构之间的存款纠纷也就随之大量产生了。据金融部门 1999 年前后的一项不完 全统计,全国约有近 300 亿存单存在纠纷隐患,已诉诸法院的只是其中的一小部 分。 2近几年，金融机构的存款业务管理水平有了相当的进步，在一定程度上预 防和减少了一些存款纠纷的发生。但就笔者所在地区而言，诉讼到法院的存款纠 纷案件仍保持和延伸着多发的、递增的趋势，其中存款被冒领所引发的案件则更突 出 。 正确处理存款被冒领纠纷案
