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1、华中科技大学 硕士学位论文 基于场域-惯习理论的农村籍大学生城市适应性研究 姓名：宋佳音 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：教育学原理 指导教师：张应强 2011-02-27 I 华 中中 科科 技技 大大 学学 硕硕 士士 学学 位位 论论 文文 摘摘 要要 适应是一种过程也是一种状态，是个体或群体对具有差异的文化的一种逐渐接 受的过程，从而形成与之相应的行为、观念，达到融入其社会的目的。农村籍大学 生对城市社会的适应其实质是对城市文化的接受过程，与城市文明和城市社会不断 融合的过程，一个以“城市人”为参照群体、不断调整自己的行为方式的社会过程， 从而最终实现融入城市社会的目的。研究农村籍大学生城市
2、适应不仅有利于深入地 了解农村籍大学生并促进农村籍大学生主体意识的觉醒，还有利于做好农村籍学生 中学教育和大学教育的衔接，确保人才培养质量。 本研究选取在读或毕业于我国某研究型大学的 7 位农村籍大学生为研究对象， 以扎根理论为研究设计路径，通过深度访谈的形式深入到他们的现实生活中去，全 面呈现他们在适应城市过程中面临的问题、发展的现状、采取的策略以及繁芜的内 心世界。对掌握的第一手材料分析采用的是自下而上的归纳法，并在对原始材料逐 级编码的基础上提炼出相关的核心概念，最终在这些核心概念之间建立联系、归纳 形成 “实质理论”。 本研究借鉴布迪厄的社会学场域理论，形成了自己的分析框架：将农村籍大
3、学 生置于城市“场域”中，观察他们在这个既是空间场域又是社会场域中所处位置与 所持立场，以及他们如何参与场域资本竞争，遵循游戏规则，生成何种惯习，其所 处的位置、所持有的资本以及所具有的惯习又是如何影响其行为策略的。 本研究因为在方法和理论方面的崭新尝试而有新的发现。研究表明，农村籍大 学生在形式上能够适应、融入城市生活，但是在心理上还处于边缘的、游离的状态。 同城市籍大学生相比，他们对权利公平、机会公平、规则公平和分配公平有着更高 的诉求。在城市场域中，对文化资本的争夺依然是农村籍大学生和城市籍大学生实 现社会阶层流动的最主要方式，但是经济资本和社会资本在社会阶层流动中发挥的 作用越来越大，
4、社会阶层出现固化。农村籍大学生的资本结构和数量决定了他们在 城市场域中的位置，位置又进一步型塑着农村籍大学生在城市适应过程中的惯习， 这些惯习又影响了他们的行为策略。 II 华 中中 科科 技技 大大 学学 硕硕 士士 学学 位位 论论 文文 农村籍大学生的自身乡土惯习以及在城市世界中形成的“实践性惯习”对他们 的行为策略起到型塑作用。对于农村籍大学生而言，“顺应”和“服从”仍是他们 适应城市的在场生存策略，渴望向更高一个阶层流动是支撑他们突围进场的动力， “到乡镇工作”是他们退场的主要选择。 本研究的结论是，农村籍大学生如果完全适应城市生活，只有主动将农村文化 与城市文化予以整合并形成一种超
5、越于现有两种文化的优秀文化。 关键词： 关键词：农村籍大学生；城市适应；场域；惯习；策略 III 华 中中 科科 技技 大大 学学 硕硕 士士 学学 位位 论论 文文 Abstract Adaptation is a process as well as a state, which is the process of accepted gradually by an individual or a group with the cultural differences. Therefore in order to achieve the purpose of intergrading int
6、o society, it must be forming behavior and values accordingly. The purposes of University students from the Rural adapt to the city society are an acceptation of city culture, the intergrading process of urban culture and community, an indication as an Urban, a social process of constantly adjusting
7、 people behaviors. It enables University students from the rural ultimately to better integrate into society. The research on how college students from a rural background adapt into the new city environment, not only improves the understanding of their needs but also is beneficial to the self-identi
8、fication among that particular group. Furthermore, it is beneficial to the transition of rural students from secondary to tertiary education, ensuring the quality of training for talented individuals. The research method of this study is designed and seven rural students in research universities of
9、China are selected are research objects based on the grounded theory in qualitative research. Their lives, development status and complex inner world are understood and touched by deep-going interviews and on-site observation, and a large number of first-hand materials are collected. Coding of origi
10、nal material is conducted by means of backward induction to summarize relevant core concepts and theses, and finally these concepts are linked and inducted to form a certain “substantive theory”. Pierre Bourdieus field theory provides a unique angle of observation for this study, and its core concep
11、ts such as “field”, “capital”, “habitus” are used in this study to form its analysis frame: the urban city are taken as a “field” to study rural students positions and standpoints, what habitus they form and how the habitus affects their behavior strategies. This study achieves new findings and conc
12、lusions based on new methods and theories. Due to the new method and theories are adopted, there is a new found in this IV 华 中中 科科 技技 大大 学学 硕硕 士士 学学 位位 论论 文文 research. This research has shown that university students from rural areas are able to adapt and integrate into the city life. Whereas they h
13、ave not getting used to urban life in mind yet. They still think they cant be a part of the city. Compared with university students from urban areas, they are highly demanding in terms of the right to fairness, the equality of opportunity, fair rules and distributions. It is the key to fulfill the s
14、ocial advancement by the culture capital competition between university students in rural and urban areas. It is more and more important to implementing the economical and social capital on social advancement so that the stagnant has arisen in the social class. The rural students in number and capit
15、al structure determine their position in urban society. In addition, their position in urban society makes the habitus of rural students adapting to city life. As well these habitus are influence in their behavior tactics. The rural students, whose own habit from rural areas and the “Practical Habit
16、us” that the formation of the world in the city shaping the behavior of their strategy. As a whole, “compliance” and “submission” are still the basic living strategy of them, a desire to a higher mobility is the driving force supporting their breakthrough approach, and “going to Rural community” is their main choice in case of helpless withdrawal. In this study, the author holds that in order to get out of the d
