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1、湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 论艾丽丝沃克作品中的黑人女性意识 姓名：郭玉英 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：英语语言 指导教师：罗婷 20051101 摘 要 艾丽斯 沃克是一位特色鲜明的黑人女作家,在美国当代文坛 颇具影响。她曾积极投身于美国黑人民权运动和妇女运动，担任 妇女运动的喉舌妇女杂志的总编辑。反对种族主义和性别主 义一直是她创作的主题之一。在紫色 、 梅里迪安等作品中 尤其体现了她鲜明而强烈的黑人女性意识。这主要表现在两个方 面：一是黑人女权主义思想的多层次展现，二是在艺术形式上对 黑人女性美学的建构。 沃克的黑人女权主义思想首先体现在她对黑人妇女生存状况 的整体关注上。她不仅深刻地揭露了黑
2、人妇女在性别主义、种族 主义及阶级压迫下生存的艰难和痛苦，而且还密切关注第三世界 妇女的生存状况，对非洲女性的割礼风俗进行了猛烈的批判。其 次，沃克对以往文学作品中遭贬低的黑人女性形象极为不满，自 觉地担当起重塑黑人女性身份形象的重任，并成功地塑造出了梅 里迪安、茜莉等一系列生动活泼、自信自强的妇女形象。再次， 沃克坚信“姐妹情谊”是实现妇女解放的重要手段，在其作品中， 浓墨书写了黑人妇女之间的这种情谊。最后，沃克把在黑人男女 之间建立一种和谐、平等的关系作为理想的奋斗前景，认为要想 建立这种和谐的异性关系，黑人妇女必须独立，而黑人男人必须 摆脱男权主义思想。 沃克在艺术形式上对黑人女性美学的
3、建构也做出了不可磨灭 的贡献。首先，她在叙事技巧上进行了大胆的尝试。在梅里迪 安中，她成功地采用了非线性的叙事方式；在紫色中，她 采用了书信体的形式，构建出了一种个人声音的女性叙事模式。 其次，在语言技巧方面，她使用黑人方言，借助名字策略和比喻 的方式来体现她的黑人女性意识。沃克还使用了黑人女性的艺术 形式“被子”，以之象征妇女之间的友谊，并且她的所有小 Abstract Alice Walker is a black woman writer of distinguishing quality who has been very influential in the contemporary
4、 literary world of America. She has ever involved herself in the Civil Rights Movement and the Womens Liberation Movement; furthermore, she has acted as the editor of Ms Magazine. The subjects of sexism and racism are included in her works. We can see her distinct black female consciousness in her n
5、ovel The Color Purple, Meridian and so on. Walkers black female consciousness is mainly embodied in the two aspects. One is the black feminist ideology in her works; the other is her construction of the black female aesthetics in artistic forms. The black feminist ideology in her works mainly includ
6、es the following points. Firstly, she shows concern for the existential state of the black women. She not only discloses the hard and miserable existence of the black women who suffer from the sexual, racial and class oppression but also pays close attention to the existence of the Third-World black
7、 women, criticizing harshly the tradition of female circumcision in Africa. Secondly, she isnt satisfied with the derogated images of black womanhood, so she voluntarily takes up the responsibility of recreating the images of black womanhood, delineating a group of lively and confident women charact
8、ers like Meridian and Celie. Thirdly, Walker firmly believes the black sisterhood is the important means of the black womens emancipation. She vividly describes the sisterhood of the black women. Lastly, Walker wishes that black men and black women could establish an equal and harmonious relationshi
9、p. In order to construct such a kind of relationship, black women must be independent and black men must get rid of the patriarchal ideas. Walker makes great contributions to the construction of the black female aesthetics in artistic forms as well. She makes a courageous attempt at the narrative te
10、chniques. In Meridian, she adopts the nonlinear narrative successfully. In The Color Purple, she employs the structure of the epistolary novel to construct a kind of feminist narrative. In language strategies, she uses the black dialect, name strategy and unique metaphor to show her black female con
11、sciousness. She also uses the traditional black womens artistic forms “quilts” to symbolize the friendship among the women. Furthermore, the structures of all Walkers novels are like quilts, which are composed of small pieces. Walkers narrative techniques, language strategies and uses of symbols are
12、 inherited and adopted by the following black women writers. So it is reasonable she is addressed respectfully as the literary foremother by the succeeding black women writers. Key words: Alice Walker; Black Female Consciousness; Black Feminist Ideology; Black Female Aesthetics 1 Introduction Alice
13、Walker(1944 ), well-known for her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Color Purple and its adaptation as a motion picture by Steven Spielberg, has been recognized as one of the most prominent Afro-American women writers in America. Up to now, she has authored seven novels as well as numerous collection
14、s of poetry, essays, short stories and several childrens books. Her writings are praised for their insightful and riveting portraits of black life, in particular the experience of black women in a sexist and racist society. She is described by Many Helen Washington as “apologist for black women”. He
15、r portrayal of the female characters and unique writing style have influenced the succeeding black women writers. Many black feminist critics highly praise her contribution to the construction of the literary tradition of the black women. She has been instrumental in helping Hustons works survive af
16、ter they were largely out of print and threatened with security. In the 1970s, she designed a course about black women writers and taught it at Wellesley College. Due to her efforts, many oblivious black women writers have been resurgent. Being a popular writer and a social activist, Alice Walker has spoken for the Civil Rights Movement, for the anti-nuclear movement as well as against genital mutilation. In the 1980s, she proposed the term “womani
