《论民事优先权面临的权利冲突及其规制》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《论民事优先权面临的权利冲突及其规制（75页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、中国政法大学 硕士学位论文 论民事优先权面临的权利冲突及其规制 姓名：周建明 申请学位级别：硕士 专业： 指导教师：王卫国 20070401 中国政法大学硕士学位论文 论民事优先权面临的权利冲突及其规制 内容摘要 内容摘要 权利是人们的利益在法律上的表现形式和实现方式。 权利冲突背后隐含着权利主体 之间的利益冲突。法律的任务就是通过一定程序划定权利间的界限，协调权利的关系解 决冲突以实现权利。因此，民事优先权制度便成为我们必须研究的一个重要课题。 优先权制度是民商事法律中一项重要而复杂的制度， 大陆法系的民法典多有系统而 详细的规定，相比而言，我国民事优先权制度还很不完善，体系零散，项目不全，
2、法律 规定疏漏，于法律适用极为不利。因此，本文试图从民事优先权的基本理论入手，比较 我国实体法关于民事优先权制度规定之不足，分析民事优先权冲突的原因、规制原则和 规制方法，对司法实务中存在的焦点问题进行深入研究，以期对司法实践有所指导。 第一部分是关于民事优先权概论。 笔者通过对我国民法理论界关于民事优先权定义 的各种学说的分析，基于司法实务中对民事优先权保护的需要，认为：民事优先权，是 指不同性质的若干民事权利发生冲突时， 某一民事权利基于法律规定优先于其他民事权 利实现的权利。民事优先权作为一项对物所享有的实体性权利，属于财产权，具有物权 的性质，尤其是具有担保物权的性质。民事优先权具有其
3、独特的功能与价值：推行优先 保护弱势群体利益的社会政策；维护社会公共利益；促进经济和社会效益；维护社会公 平和正义的观念。 第二部分是关于民事优先权种类和顺位的比较研究。通过对法国、日本两国法律与 我国现行民事法律关于民事优先权制度立法规定的比较分析，笔者认为，随着市场经济 体制的建立和完善，我国民事优先权的立法经历了从无到有，从单一走向多样的过程， 目前正处在充实和完善的过程中，但与法国、日本及西方国家相比，仍存在许多不合理 之处。主要是：缺乏对民事优先权的一般规定；相关条文设置简陋，实际操作性差；对 弱势群体利益和共益费用保护力度不够。我国民事优先权制度的不足，无不反映现行立 法的滞后，
4、使得受特别保护的社会关系暴露于法律保护之外， 本应受到保护而未作规定， 构成法律漏洞。对于此法律漏洞的补充，鉴于物权法定主义的原则，应当通过立法予以 弥补。 第三部分是关于民事优先权面临的权利冲突及其规制。也是本文的重点。在民事法 律的领域中，权利冲突是经常发生的现象。当同一财产上存在数个民事优先权，或民事 2 中国政法大学硕士学位论文 论民事优先权面临的权利冲突及其规制 优先权与其他担保物权发生竞合时，就必然产生权利的冲突。民事优先权面临的权利冲 突的主要表现形态有：各类先取特权之间的效力冲突；先取特权与其他担保物权的效力 冲突；担保物权之间的效力冲突；优先购买权之间的效力冲突。协调民事优先
5、权面临的 权利冲突应当遵循保护弱者的原则、 兼顾公平与效率的原则和协调公共利益与个人利益 的原则。规制民事优先权的冲突，立法首先应当明确民事优先权的顺位。笔者认为，民 事优先权的顺位，既包括不动产优先权的顺位，也包括动产优先权的顺位，既包括依登 记而产生的权利之间的顺位，也包括非因登记而产生的权利之间的顺位，并提出了民事 优先权顺位的确定应当遵循的六项原则， 进而对各类民事优先权冲突的规制方法进行详 尽的论述。 第四部分是关于司法实务中的几个重点问题研究。笔者从应用法学的角度，对司法 实践中民事优先权保护遇到的常见问题进行深入研究。 对各类民事优先权保护的法律适 用，特别是最高人民法院司法解释
6、中关于优先权保护的相关规定的应用，以及民事优先 权的限制与消灭进行了阐述，并提出自己的见解，对司法实践具有一定的指导意义。 3 中国政法大学硕士学位论文 论民事优先权面临的权利冲突及其规制 Abstract Rights is the representation and realization of the benefit of people in the sense of law. Behind the conflict of right, the conflict of benefit between rights entities hides. The obligation of la
7、w is, through certain procedures, defining the boundary between rights, harmonizing the relation among rights, solving conflicts and, by this means, realizing rights. In this context, the civil priority system becomes an important subject which we must pay attention to study. The priority system is
8、an important and complex system in civil and commercial law. The Civil Code in Continental Law System has systemic and particular definition. In contrast, the civil priority system in our country, which has scattered system, incomplete items, and rule of law with flaw, is far from perfect. This is v
9、ery disadvantageous in the sense of a law in use. This paper hence attempt to begin with the basic theory of civil priority, study the flaws of the definition of civil priority system in the entity law in our country, analyze the reason, the principle of restricting and the method of restricting of
10、conflict in civil priority, and study deep into the focus of the problems in judicature affair, expecting this may instruct judicature practice. The first is overview of civil priority. Though the analysis of various theory of the definition of civil priority in the theory research field of civil la
11、w in our country, basing on the need of protection of civil priority in judicature affair, the writer think that civil priority is that one civil right has privilege over other civil rights according to law in the condition of occurrence of conflict between civil rights with different character. Civ
12、il priority, as an ontic right over object, belongs to property rights, and has the character of object rights, especially the assuring object rights. Civil priority has specific function and value: it promotes the social policy of preferentially protecting the right of the puny community; maintain
13、the public right in the society; advance social an commercial benefit; maintain the perspective of justice and right. 4 中国政法大学硕士学位论文 论民事优先权面临的权利冲突及其规制 The second part is comparing study in the category and order of civil priority. Through comparison and analysis of the definition of civil priority s
14、ystem in the law of France and Japan with it in the law currently in use in our country, the writer thinks that accompany with the establishing and completing of the market economy system, the legislation of civil rights experience the process of establishing from ground, and growing into variety, a
15、nd is in a process of enriching and completing. But, comparing with France, Japan and other western countries, there are still a lot of illogicalities. The most important ones are: lacking of general regulating of civil rights; corresponding entries are roughly set which is bad for practicing; the i
16、ntensity of protecting the rights of puny community and charges for public benefit is not enough. The flaw in the civil priority system reflects the lagging of current legislation, which makes the social relationship that should be specially protected exposed outside the protection of law, therefore forms the flaw of law. According to the theo
