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1、安徽大学 硕士学位论文 论食品安全问题的国际法规制 姓名：徐拥山 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：国际法学 指导教师：徐淑萍 2010-04 I 摘摘 要要 随着经济全球化浪潮的推进，食品生产、加工、销售以及消费越来越国际 化，人们在享受来自全球各地美味食品与水果的同时，也遇到了前所未有的来 自世界各地的食品安全问题的困扰，食品安全问题已经成为国际社会共同面临 的难题。国际食品安全问题的解决不仅需要科学技术的支撑、社会舆论的监督， 更需要国家相关法律法规的保障，尤其需要通过国际法的规制来保证国际社会 的食品安全，进而保障全人类的身体健康与生命安全，因此，研究食品安全问 题的国际法规制意义重大。 经济
2、全球化时代的食品安全问题呈现出新的特点。首先是与国际贸易问题 的相互纠缠。国际食品安全事件的频频发生使得各国政府不断提高食品安全标 准以保护老百姓的身体健康和生命安全。这些因素同时也为各国政府以食品安 全这一正当、合法的理由实施技术性贸易壁垒，以打击进入本国市场的外国食 品企业，保护本国食品企业的利益提供了新的合乎情理的借口。以中国为例， 美、日、欧盟等发达国家和地区是中国食品主要出口目标市场，而这些国家和 地区以食品安全为幌子，以贸易保护为目的制定了许多高于国际食品安全标准 的标准，尤其是农药残留标准和检验检疫制度。其次对食品安全问题的国际法 规制越来越多。要保证国际社会的食品安全，国家之间
3、必须加强食品安全监管、 食品安全检测以及食品安全技术等等方面的交流与合作，通过签订双边的食品 安全协定，共同保证民众的食品安全。因此研究食品安全问题的国际法规制对 解决当前国际社会和国内的食品安全问题意义重大。 食品安全问题的国际法规制以食品贸易伙伴国家的双边协议为基本形式， 以中国为例，在食品安全问题国际化的背景下，中国国家质量监督检验检疫总 局近年来也与美国、日本、韩国、欧盟及欧盟成员等在食品安全领域建立起良 好的合作与沟通机制，并先后与美国、加拿大、巴西、阿根廷、智利、日本、 韩国、蒙古、马来西亚、泰国、越南、欧盟建立了食品安全合作机制。 作为影响力最大的全球性贸易组织世界贸易组织在解决
4、国际食品安全 问题中有着举足轻重的地位， 其对食品安全问题进行规制的两个主要协定是 技 II 术性贸易壁垒协定和实施卫生与动植物卫生措施协定 。涉及到食品安全领 域，前者主要针对成员制定和实施食品安全技术法规、标准以及合格评定程序 的行为进行规制，支持成员为保障国内社会的食品安全采取技术法规、标准以 及合格评定程序对国际食品贸易进行限制，但是这种限制不得超过必要的限度， 更不能给国际贸易造成不合理的限制。后者主要涉及到动植物、动植物产品和 食品的进出口规则，协议的适用范围包括食品安全、动物卫生和植物卫生三个 领域，支持各成员实施保护人类、动物、植物的生命或健康所采取的必要措施， 规范卫生与植物
5、卫生检疫的国际运行规则，实现把对贸易的不利影响减少到最 小程度。 关键词： 关键词： 食品安全；国际法；规制 III Abstract In the movement of globalization, the production、distribution and purchases of food becoming more and more internationalized, people may well enjoy delicious food and fruits but also be threatened by the danger of insecure food from
6、 every area of the earth. Food safety issue has become one of the common conundrums facing all the countries in world. The settlement of food safety problems depends not only on the support of science and technology and public monitoring but also on safeguard of nations legal system. International f
7、ood safety needs to be safeguarded through international legal regulation, which guarantees all the human beings health and lives. In short, studying the international regulation of food safety issues makes much sense for peoples health and lives. The food safety has new traits in the globalized eco
8、nomic age. First, food safety has intertwined with international trade. The frequently occurring of international food safety accidents has urged governments all over the world to raise food safety standard to ensure peoples health and lives, which are the ingredients for the basement of conducting
9、technical barriers, which may frustrate importing of foreign food and protect home food enterprises benefits. For instance, America、Japan and Europe are Chinas main target foreign food market. These countries and areas have set many very high food safety standards to protect their own food enterpris
10、es, saying that the high standard is for peoples safety. Second, there is more and more international regulation on international food safety. To ensure international food safety, countries should enhance communication and cooperation in the area of food safety monitoring、food safety testing and foo
11、d safety technology through signing bilateral food safety agreements. So it is very important to study international food safety regulation for settling the current domestic and international food safety problems. The basic form of international regulation on food safety issues is food trade mates b
12、ilateral agreement. Taking China as an instance, in the background of IV internationalization of food safety issues, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China has established good cooperation and communication system in the area of food
13、 safety in recent years. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine has established cooperation system and concluded bilateral agreements with many food trade mates including America、Canada、Brazil、Argentina、Chile、 Japan、Korea、Mongolia、Malaysia、Thailand、Vietnam and E
14、uropean Union. The World Trade Organization, the most influential global trade organization, plays a significant role in settling international food safety issues, which has two agreements, Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measur
15、es, regulating food safety issues. Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade involves members legislation and conduction of food safety technical regulations、 standards、 procedures for assessment of conformity. It supports members restricting international food trade for domestic food safety through
16、conducting technical regulations、standards and procedures for assessment of conformity on condition that these measures dont exceed the bottom line that has a excessive restriction on international food trade. The latter pertains to regulations about rules of importing animals、plants、products of animals and plants and food, whose applying scope includes three areas, food safety、animals sanitariness and plants
